Intervention not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration
The intervention led to lower composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.79 [0.70, 0.88]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 7.37 [3.51, 15.46]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries
The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.54 [1.69, 3.81]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity · Dentists managing a defective direct resin composite restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a 30-year-old,…
For a defective composite restoration with disruption of occlusal integrity, surveyed dentists most often preferred repair over replacement (pooled RR 0.37; p < 0.001); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Combined salivary IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels · Humans who use e-cigarettes (mostly adults, often with periodontal disease) assessed for oral proinflammatory markers
Combining all four salivary cytokines, the meta-analysis found no effect of e-cigarette use on salivary proinflammatory marker levels (low between-marker heterogeneity, I2=31%); the pooled estimate appears only in Figure 3F (unavailable) and is ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary pH · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general community-dwelling population
Anorexia nervosa is associated with significantly lower salivary pH than healthy controls (MD -0.39, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.24; low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Increased salivary IgA · children aged 6‐12 years
Postbiotics increase salivary IgA (immune modulation) in human trials (ungraded narrative synthesis).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
No statistically significant difference in OHRQoL was reported by unemployment rate.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 5.15 [3.98, 6.66]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Hip/femoral bone mineral density (BMD) · Females (all ages)
In females (low-to-moderate risk-of-bias studies), hip BMD rose monotonically above ~0.9 mg/L: MD 0.04 g/cm2 (95% CI -0.03-0.12) up to ~2.3 mg/L and 0.09 (-0.09-0.27) at 4.0 mg/L vs null; ungraded.
2 findings from 1 review
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Females, low-to-moderate risk-of-bias studies: up to ~2.3 mg/L vs null
MD 0.04 [-0.03, 0.12]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Females, low-to-moderate risk-of-bias studies: 4.0 mg/L vs null
MD 0.09 [-0.09, 0.27]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Untreated dental caries and caries risk · Humans who use e-cigarettes (adolescents to adults) assessed for dental caries
Across individual cross-sectional studies, e-cigarette users tended to have more untreated caries and higher caries risk than non-smokers (per-study OR ~2.0-4.2), but results were not pooled (ungraded, narrative).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.09 [2.77, 6.04]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries
The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.45 [1.73, 3.48]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: corrosion
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.54 [1.12, 2.12]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Absence of sensibility (post-operative sensitivity) · Children receiving dental restorations (aged 4-11 years; primary teeth; Class I/II/V cavities)
No significant difference between IRR and CR in post-operative sensitivity (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a 30-year-old,…
For a defective amalgam restoration with open margin, surveyed dentists most often preferred replacement over repair (pooled RR 5.14; p < 0.001); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro)
In the Self-Etch adhesive + chemical ACAD protocol network, Peptide vs HEMA showed no significant difference in 24 h bond strength (MD -0.369, 95% CI -6.728 to 5.990; Low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants
The SVMR Weighted Median interval excluded the null.
3 findings from 1 review
OR 1.260 [1.017, 1.560]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.162 [0.998, 1.353]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.329 [0.991, 1.782]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro
No meta-analysis was conducted; the narrative synthesis reported inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation.
1 finding from 1 review
Relative abundance of Veillonella spp. · Young children with early childhood caries and caries-free controls
Veillonella spp. mean relative abundance was higher in ECC children, without a comparative effect estimate or CI.
Mean relative abundance (%) ECC 3.29 (SD 6.83) vs caries-free 2.13 (SD 2.30)
1 study · 87 participants
GRADE not reported
Meta-Analysis Using NGS Data: The Veillonella Species in Dental Caries. 2022 All outcomesSaliva and supragingival biofilm (pooled) · Overall (all sample types)
MD 2.22 [0.54, 3.90]
6 studies · 319 participants
Very low
MD -1.05 [-7.67, 5.57]
2 studies · 161 participants
GRADE not reported
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