What do systematic reviews say?

Plastic wrap or bag vs usual care

Plastic wrap or bag probably leads to lower hypothermia on admission to NICU: core body temperature < 36.5°C or… compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birth weight infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.62, 0.72]
  10 studies · 1417 participants
  Moderate

Plastic wrap or bag vs usual care

Plastic wrap or bag probably leads to higher hyperthermia on admission to NICU: core body temperature > 37.5°C compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birth weight infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.91 [2.05, 7.44]
  12 studies · 1523 participants
  Moderate

Plastic wrap or bag vs usual care

Plastic wrap or bag showed no clear difference in major brain injury (within hospital stay) compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birth weight infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.47, 1.27]
  5 studies · 1100 participants
  Moderate

Plastic wrap or bag vs usual care

Plastic wrap or bag probably leads to lower pulmonary haemorrhage (within hospital stay) compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birth weight infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.38, 0.95]
  1 study · 796 participants
  Moderate

Plastic wrap or bag vs usual care

Plastic wrap or bag showed no clear difference in mortality (death within hospital stay or at 6 months' corrected… compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birth weight infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.73, 1.15]
  10 studies · 1447 participants
  Moderate

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) vs placebo (among all randomised)

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) showed no clear difference in CLD at 36 weeks' PMA oxygen dependency at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (among all randomised) (moderate certainty).

• Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.62, 1.52]
  5 studies · 429 participants
  Moderate

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) vs placebo (among all randomised)

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) probably leads to lower death by, or CLD at, 36 weeks' PMA Death or oxygen dependency at 36… compared with placebo (among all randomised) (moderate certainty).

• Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.75, 0.99]
  6 studies · 1285 participants
  Moderate

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) vs placebo (among survivors)

Early inhaled steroid (< 2 weeks) probably leads to lower CLD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (among survivors) (moderate certainty).

• Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.63, 0.93]
  6 studies · 1088 participants
  Moderate

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Cerclage showed no clear difference in all perinatal losses compared with no cerclage (moderate certainty).

• Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.65, 1.04]
  10 studies · 2927 participants
  Moderate

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Cerclage showed no clear difference in serious neonatal morbidity compared with no cerclage (low certainty).

• Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.55, 1.18]
  6 studies · 883 participants
  Low

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Cerclage showed no clear difference in baby discharged home healthy compared with no cerclage (moderate certainty).

• Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.06]
  4 studies · 657 participants
  Moderate

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Cerclage showed no clear difference in neonatal deaths before discharge compared with no cerclage (low certainty).

• Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.53, 1.39]
  6 studies · 1714 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin showed no clear difference in definite necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during study period compared with control (low certainty).

• Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.57, 1.25]
  3 studies · 1840 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin changes definite necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during study period ‐ IgA/IgG compared with control (very low certainty).

• Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.08 [0, 1.39]
  1 study · 179 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin showed no clear difference in definite necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during study period ‐ IgG compared with control (low certainty).

• Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.63, 1.42]
  2 studies · 1661 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin changes definite NEC after study period compared with control (very low certainty).

• Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.3 [0.47, 3.6]
  2 studies · 1661 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin changes NEC‐related surgery during study period compared with control (very low certainty).

• Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.21 [0.02, 1.75]
  2 studies · 311 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin changes NEC‐related deaths during study period compared with control (very low certainty).

• Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [0.47, 2.59]
  3 studies · 1840 participants
  Very low

Cycled light (CL) vs irregular dimmed light or near darkness (ND)

• Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Cycled light (CL) vs irregular dimmed light or near darkness (ND)

• Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 77 participants
  Low