Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,072 questions · 4,237 findings · 447 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 946 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 257 · 6.1%Very low 1,121 · 26.5%Low 1,207 · 28.5%Moderate 568 · 13.4%High 138 · 3.3%

Thromboelastography threshold vs standard of care (laboratory parameters)

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

Surgery‐related complications (during longest · adults receiving intravenous fluids while undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes surgery‐related complications (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

Non‐surgery‐related complications (during longest · adults receiving intravenous fluids while undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes non‐surgery‐related complications (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Vomiting · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in vomiting up to 48 hours after surgery compared with systemic analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery

Postoperative morbidity ‐ sepsis (within 30 days after surgery) · People with localised rectal carcinoma

Preoperative radiotherapy may leads to higher postoperative morbidity ‐ sepsis (within 30 days after surgery) compared with surgery alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery

Postoperative morbidity ‐ surgical complications (within 30 days after surgery) · People with localised rectal carcinoma

Preoperative radiotherapy may leads to higher postoperative morbidity ‐ surgical complications (within 30 days… compared with surgery alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist vs control

Acute stroke (within 30‐days after surgery: new focal neurologic deficit with signs and symptoms lasting longer than 24 hours) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery

Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists may leads to lower acute stroke (within 30‐days after surgery: new focal neurologic… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist vs control

All‐cause mortality (within 30‐days after surgery: any reported death) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery

Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (within 30‐days after surgery: any reported death) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist vs control

Myocardial infarction (within 30‐days after surgery: sudden death or death resulting from a primarily identifiable cardiac cause) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery

Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction (within 30‐days after surgery: sudden death or… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

All‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

Acute myocardial infarction—cardiac surgery · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in acute myocardial infarction—cardiac surgery compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

Ventricular arrhythmias—cardiac surgery ECG · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease

Beta‐blocker probably leads to lower ventricular arrhythmias—cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

All supraventricular arrhythmias—cardiac surgery ECG · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease

Beta‐blocker leads to lower all supraventricular arrhythmias—cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—cardiac surgery (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review