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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,080 questions in 109 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections
current versionsNo studies 132 · 12.2%Ungraded 90 · 8.3%Very low 169 · 15.6%Low 306 · 28.3%Moderate 287 · 26.6%High 96 · 8.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Semi‐recumbent position (30º to 60º) vs supine position (0° to 10°) Microbiologically confirmed VAP · adults requiring mechanical ventilation Semi‐recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.11, 1.77] | 3 studies · 419 participants | Very low |
Semi‐recumbent position (30º to 60º) vs supine position (0° to 10°) ICU mortality · adults requiring mechanical ventilation Semi‐recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.59, 1.27] | 2 studies · 307 participants | Low |
Semi‐recumbent position (30º to 60º) vs supine position (0° to 10°) Hospital mortality · adults requiring mechanical ventilation Semi‐recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.59, 1.2] | 3 studies · 346 participants | Low |
Semi‐recumbent position (30º to 60º) vs supine position (0° to 10°) Length of ICU stay · adults requiring mechanical ventilation Semi‐recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 346 participants | Moderate |
Semi‐recumbent position (30º to 60º) vs supine position (0° to 10°) Length of hospital stay · adults requiring mechanical ventilation Semi‐recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 260 participants | Very low |
Semi‐recumbent position (30º to 60º) vs supine position (0° to 10°) Pressure ulcers · adults requiring mechanical ventilation Semi‐recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.6, 1.38] | 1 study · 221 participants | Low |
Semi‐recumbent positioning: 45° vs 25° to 30° Clinically suspected VAP · adults requiring mechanical ventilation Semi‐recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.35, 1.56] | 2 studies · 91 participants | Very low |
Semi‐recumbent positioning: 45° vs 25° to 30° Microbiologically confirmed VAP · adults requiring mechanical ventilation Semi‐recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.2, 1.84] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) vs usual care Antibiotics used by patients · patients (or parents of child patients) with acute upper respiratory tract infections Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) to reduce the use of antibiotics for acute… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.35, 0.8] | 1 study · 2201 participants | Moderate |
Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) vs usual care Antibiotics prescribed by clinicians · patients (or parents of child patients) with acute upper respiratory tract infections Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) to reduce the use of antibiotics for acute… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.28, 0.78] | 2 studies · 188131 participants | Low |
Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) vs usual care Reconsultation rates · patients (or parents of child patients) with acute upper respiratory tract infections Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) to reduce the use of antibiotics for acute… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.47, 1.32] | 1 study · 3471 participants | Moderate |
Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) vs usual care Patient satisfaction with consultation · patients (or parents of child patients) with acute upper respiratory tract infections Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) to reduce the use of antibiotics for acute… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.87, 1.03] | 1 study · 2201 participants | Moderate |
Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) plus prescribing feedback to clinicians vs prescribing feedback alone Antibiotics prescribed by clinicians · patients (or parents of child patients) with acute upper respiratory tract infections Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) to reduce the use of antibiotics for acute… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [1.09, 1.17] | 1 study · 15149 participants | Low |
Antivirals vs placebo/no treatment Time to clinical recovery doctor judgement · patients diagnosed with clinical and laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 87 participants | Very low |
Antivirals vs placebo/no treatment Time to clinical recovery patient judgement · patients diagnosed with clinical and laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 87 participants | Very low |
Antivirals vs placebo/no treatment Adverse events and side effects · patients diagnosed with clinical and laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 248 participants | Very low |
Antivirals vs placebo/no treatment Duration of lymphadenopathy · patients diagnosed with clinical and laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 61 participants | Very low |
Antivirals vs placebo/no treatment Development of complications of Infectious mononucleosis · patients diagnosed with clinical and laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 108 participants | Very low |
Antivirals vs placebo/no treatment Viral shedding · patients diagnosed with clinical and laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 268 participants | Very low |
Antivirals vs placebo/no treatment Days missing from school / work · patients diagnosed with clinical and laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 87 participants | Very low |
Resistance and endurance exercise prior to influenza vaccination vs no exercise prior to influenza vaccination Incidence of influenza Self‐reported influenza‐like illness · Adults and elderly Exercise prior to influenza vaccination for limiting influenza incidence and its related complications in… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.01, 4.4] | 1 study · 98 participants | Very low |
Resistance and endurance exercise prior to influenza vaccination vs no exercise prior to influenza vaccination Complications related to influenza illness · Adults and elderly Exercise prior to influenza vaccination for limiting influenza incidence and its related complications in… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Resistance and endurance exercise prior to influenza vaccination vs no exercise prior to influenza vaccination Adverse events Hypersensitivity reaction to vaccination · Adults and elderly Exercise prior to influenza vaccination for limiting influenza incidence and its related complications in… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Resistance and endurance exercise prior to influenza vaccination vs no exercise prior to influenza vaccination Numbers of working days or days lost related to influenza illness · Adults and elderly Exercise prior to influenza vaccination for limiting influenza incidence and its related complications in… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Beta‐2 agonists vs placebo Children: cough score after one day cough score · people with acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis Beta2‐agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 96 participants | Moderate |
Beta‐2 agonists vs placebo Children: cough score after three days cough score · people with acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis Beta2‐agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 95 participants | Moderate |
Beta‐2 agonists vs placebo Children: cough after seven days daily phone call · people with acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis Beta2‐agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.47, 1.68] | 1 study · 59 participants | Moderate |
Beta‐2 agonists vs placebo Children: shaking or tremor recorded/reported by parents · people with acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis Beta2‐agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 6.76 [0.86, 53.18] | 2 studies · 108 participants | Moderate |
Beta‐2 agonists vs placebo Adults: cough after seven days diary · people with acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis Beta2‐agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.63, 1.18] | 3 studies · 220 participants | Low |
Beta‐2 agonists vs placebo Adults: night cough after seven days diary · people with acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis Beta2‐agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.54, 1.33] | 3 studies · 210 participants | Moderate |
Beta‐2 agonists vs placebo Adults: shaking, tremor or nervousness diary · people with acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis Beta2‐agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 7.94 [1.17, 53.94] | 3 studies · 211 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Absence of symptoms at 48 hours ‐ patient assessment Homeopathic Oscillococcinum® for preventing and treating influenza and influenza‐like illness (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.86 [1.27, 2.73] | 2 studies · 796 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mortality · acute bacterial meningitis Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01] | 25 studies · 4121 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Severe hearing loss · acute bacterial meningitis Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.51, 0.88] | 17 studies · 2437 participants | High |
Intervention NR Any hearing loss · acute bacterial meningitis Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.63, 0.87] | 20 studies · 2785 participants | High |
Intervention NR Short‐term neurological sequelae · acute bacterial meningitis Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.69, 1] | 13 studies · 1756 participants | High |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ recurrent fever · acute bacterial meningitis Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [1.09, 1.47] | 12 studies · 1723 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Clinical cure rates at day 8 ± 1 · adults with acute laryngitis Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.88, 1.31] | 1 study · 93 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinical cure rates at day 8 ± 1 · adults with acute laryngitis Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.9, 1.32] | 1 study · 97 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Laryngitis at 1 week · adults with acute laryngitis Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.76, 1.59] | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Laryngitis at 2 weeks · adults with acute laryngitis Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.44, 1.49] | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Patients having voice disturbance at 1 week · adults with acute laryngitis Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.59, 1.28] | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Patients having voice disturbance at 2 weeks · adults with acute laryngitis Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.28, 1.14] | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Frequency of meningitis · patients with a recent BSF independent of the presence or severity of CSF leakage Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.69 [0.29, 1.61] | 4 studies · 208 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · patients with a recent BSF independent of the presence or severity of CSF leakage Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.68 [0.41, 6.95] | 4 studies · 208 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Meningitis‐related mortality · patients with a recent BSF independent of the presence or severity of CSF leakage Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.14, 7.4] | 4 studies · 208 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Need for surgical correction in patients with CSF leakage · patients with a recent BSF independent of the presence or severity of CSF leakage Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 109 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Non‐CNS infection · patients with a recent BSF independent of the presence or severity of CSF leakage Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.61 [0.15, 2.46] | 1 study · 52 participants | High |
Intervention NR Sum of overall symptom score · patients with common cold Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the common cold (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 293 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Duration of colds · patients with common cold Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the common cold (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 214 participants | Moderate |