Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

529 questions · 535 findings · 63 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 41 · 7.7%GRADE not reported 28 · 5.2%Very low 35 · 6.5%Low 151 · 28.2%Moderate 204 · 38.1%High 76 · 14.2%

Intervention not reported

HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2817 participants) · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2817 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

MD‐TRIPLE (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2237 participants) · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2237 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

HD‐TRIPLE (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1088 participants) · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1088 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LABA · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Outcome№ of participants(studies)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3700(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
3 studies · 6 participants
Moderate

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

All‐cause mortality · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with same‐dose ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.25 [0.61, 2.56]
32 studies · 35751 participants
Moderate

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.87, 1.16]
32 studies · 35751 participants
High

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Asthma‐related mortality · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
31 studies · 24022 participants
Low

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.86 [0.64, 1.14]
30 studies · 35158 participants
Moderate

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

All‐cause mortality · children and adolescents with chronic asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 4035 participants
Low

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic asthma

Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.33 [0.71, 2.49]
10 studies · 4035 participants
Moderate

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Asthma‐related mortality · children and adolescents with chronic asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 4035 participants
Low

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether regular formoterol and ICS changes asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.18 [0.4, 3.51]
10 studies · 4035 participants
Very low

Effects of different delivery devices on growth in children with persistent asthma: hydrofluoroalkane‐metered dose inhaler beclomethasone vs beclomethasone

Linear growth velocity (cm/year) · children up to 18 years of age with persistent asthma

Effects of different delivery devices on growth in children with… showed no clear difference in linear growth velocity (cm/year) compared with chlorofluorocarbon‐metered dose inhaler beclomethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects of different drugs and delivery devices on growth 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 212 participants
Low

Effects of different delivery devices on growth in children with persistent asthma: Easyhaler‐budesonide vs Turbuhaler‐budesonide

Change in height · children up to 18 years of age with persistent asthma

Effects of different delivery devices on growth in children with… may leads to higher change in height (cm) over a period of time compared with turbuhaler‐budesonide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects of different drugs and delivery devices on growth 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.37 [0.12, 0.62]
1 study · 229 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adults and adolescents · adults and children with chronic asthma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related non‐fatal SAEc · adults and children with chronic asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in asthma‐related non‐fatal SAEc (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.25 [0.72, 2.16]
8 studies · 8453 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · adults and children with chronic asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.8 [0.36, 1.78]
41 studies · 27951 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All‐cause non‐fatal SAEc · adults and children with chronic asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal SAEc (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.14 [0.97, 1.33]
41 studies · 27951 participants
Moderate