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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
915 questions in 93 reviews · Emergency and Critical Care
current versionsNo studies 141 · 15.4%Ungraded 22 · 2.4%Very low 216 · 23.6%Low 272 · 29.7%Moderate 188 · 20.5%High 76 · 8.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Etomidate vs all other induction agents Organ system dysfunction Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score. Scale from: 1 to 24 · patients with endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 469 participants | High |
Etomidate vs all other induction agents ICU length of stay (days) · patients with endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 621 participants | Moderate |
Etomidate vs all other induction agents Hospital length of stay (days) · patients with endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 152 participants | Moderate |
Etomidate vs all other induction agents Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · patients with endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 621 participants | Moderate |
Dexmedetomidine vs traditional sedative agents Duration of mechanical ventilation · Critically ill patients requiring long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation Alpha‐2 agonists for long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1120 participants | Low |
Dexmedetomidine vs traditional sedative agents Risk of delirium · Critically ill patients requiring long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation Alpha‐2 agonists for long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.63, 1.14] | 7 studies · 1624 participants | Very low |
Dexmedetomidine vs traditional sedative agents Risk of coma · Critically ill patients requiring long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation Alpha‐2 agonists for long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.55, 0.86] | 1 study · 103 participants | Very low |
Dexmedetomidine vs traditional sedative agents Incidence of bradycardia · Critically ill patients requiring long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation Alpha‐2 agonists for long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2.11 [1.39, 3.2] | 6 studies · 1587 participants | Very low |
Dexmedetomidine vs traditional sedative agents Duration of weaning · Critically ill patients requiring long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation Alpha‐2 agonists for long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 85 participants | Ungraded |
Dexmedetomidine vs traditional sedative agents ICU length of stay · Critically ill patients requiring long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation Alpha‐2 agonists for long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1223 participants | Very low |
Dexmedetomidine vs traditional sedative agents Mortality · Critically ill patients requiring long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation Alpha‐2 agonists for long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.79, 1.24] | 6 studies · 1584 participants | Very low |
Prothrombin complex concentrate vs any comparator Overall mortality ‐ longest · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non‐bleeding… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.37, 2.33] | 3 studies · 421 participants | Very low |
Prothrombin complex concentrate vs any comparator Number of new occurrences of RBC transfusion · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non‐bleeding… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.82, 1.43] | 2 studies · 376 participants | Very low |
Prothrombin complex concentrate vs any comparator Number of complications probably related to the intervention · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non‐bleeding… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.78, 1.09] | 4 studies · 442 participants | Very low |
Prothrombin complex concentrate vs any comparator Transfusion of RBCs · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non‐bleeding… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 370 participants | Very low |
Ultrasound or Doppler guidance vs anatomical landmark Complication rate total · patients with the need for subclavian vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.23, 1.17] | 6 studies · 1478 participants | Very low |
Ultrasound guidance vs anatomical landmarks Other complications (thrombosis, embolism, haematomediastinum and hydromediastinum, haematothorax and hydrothorax, pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, nerve injury) · patients with femoral vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.11, 2.12] | 4 studies · 311 participants | Low |
Ultrasound guidance vs anatomical landmarks Success with attempt number 1 · patients with femoral vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.73 [1.34, 2.22] | 3 studies · 224 participants | High |
Ultrasound or Doppler guidance vs anatomical landmark Overall success rate · patients with the need for subclavian vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.97, 1.13] | 8 studies · 1809 participants | Low |
Ultrasound or Doppler guidance vs anatomical landmark Number of attempts until success · patients with the need for subclavian vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 471 participants | Very low |
Ultrasound or Doppler guidance vs anatomical landmark Arterial puncture · patients with the need for subclavian vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.21 [0.06, 0.82] | 3 studies · 498 participants | Low |
Ultrasound or Doppler guidance vs anatomical landmark Other complications (thrombosis, embolism, haematomediastinum and hydromediastinum, haematothorax and hydrothorax, pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, nerve injury) · patients with the need for subclavian vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.07, 1.21] | 6 studies · 1058 participants | Very low |
Ultrasound or Doppler guidance vs anatomical landmark Time to successful cannulation · patients with the need for subclavian vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 471 participants | Low |
Ultrasound or Doppler guidance vs anatomical landmark Success with attempt number 1 · patients with the need for subclavian vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.85, 1.36] | 2 studies · 115 participants | High |
Ultrasound guidance vs anatomical landmarks Overall success rate · patients with femoral vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [1, 1.23] | 4 studies · 311 participants | Moderate |
Ultrasound guidance vs anatomical landmarks Arterial puncture · patients with femoral vein cannulation for central vein catheterization Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.14, 1.16] | 4 studies · 311 participants | Low |
Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared All‐cause mortality—same beta lactam Survival · participants with sepsis Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam‐aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.73, 1.3] | 13 studies · 1431 participants | Low |
Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared All‐cause mortality—different beta lactam · participants with sepsis Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam‐aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.71, 1.01] | 31 studies · 4146 participants | Low |
Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared Clinical failure—same beta lactam Antibiotic modifications · participants with sepsis Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam‐aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.95, 1.29] | 20 studies · 1870 participants | Very low |
Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared Clinical failure—different beta lactam Antibiotic modifications · participants with sepsis Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam‐aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.67, 0.84] | 46 studies · 4933 participants | Very low |
Pressure support vs T‐tube Weaning success · patients on weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults. Pressure support versus T‐tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.97, 1.17] | 9 studies · 935 participants | Low |
Pressure support vs T‐tube ICU mortality · patients on weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults. Pressure support versus T‐tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.53, 1.23] | 5 studies · 725 participants | Low |
Pressure support vs T‐tube Reintubation · patients on weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults. Pressure support versus T‐tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.66, 1.26] | 7 studies · 823 participants | Low |
Pressure support vs T‐tube ICU or LWU length of stay (days) · patients on weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults. Pressure support versus T‐tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 118 participants | Low |
Pressure support vs T‐tube Pneumonia · patients on weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults. Pressure support versus T‐tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.08, 5.85] | 2 studies · 118 participants | Very low |
Pressure support vs T‐tube Successful spontaneous breathing trial · patients on weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults. Pressure support versus T‐tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [1.02, 1.17] | 4 studies · 940 participants | Moderate |
Music vs standard care State anxiety STAI, VAS · mechanically ventilated patients Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 288 participants | Low |
Music vs standard care Heart rate beats per minute · mechanically ventilated patients Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 338 participants | Very low |
Music vs standard care Respiratory rate breaths per minute · mechanically ventilated patients Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 357 participants | Very low |
Music vs standard care Systolic blood pressure mmHg · mechanically ventilated patients Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 269 participants | Very low |
Music vs standard care Diastolic blood pressure mmHg · mechanically ventilated patients Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 269 participants | Very low |
Music vs standard care Mean arterial pressure mmHg · mechanically ventilated patients Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 98 participants | Very low |
Music vs standard care Oxygen saturation level · mechanically ventilated patients Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 193 participants | Low |
Music vs standard care CI: Confidence interval · mechanically ventilated patients Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total duration of mechanical ventilation (hours) · mechanically ventilated adult patients Protocolized versus non‐protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 2205 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Weaning duration (hours) · mechanically ventilated adult patients Protocolized versus non‐protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 989 participants | Low |
Intervention NR ICU length of stay (days) · mechanically ventilated adult patients Protocolized versus non‐protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1378 participants | Low |
Intervention NR ICU mortality · mechanically ventilated adult patients Protocolized versus non‐protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 651 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Reintubation · mechanically ventilated adult patients Protocolized versus non‐protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1487 participants | Moderate |
Continuous outcomes automated vs non‐automated weaning Weaning time (from randomization to extubation) based on ICU type: purely medical · patients with weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults Automated weaning and SBT systems versus non‐automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Moderate |