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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Cysteamine vs methionine (randomised trials) Mortality · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Cysteamine vs methionine (randomised trials) Hepatotoxicity (aspartate aminotransferase > 1000 U/L) · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.05, 16.46] | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) Mortality · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 222 participants | Very low |
Glucocorticosteroid avoidance or withdrawal vs glucocorticosteroid‐based immunosuppression Outcomes** · liver transplanted patients Glucocorticosteroid‐free versus glucocorticosteroid‐containing immunosuppression for liver transplanted… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glucocorticosteroid avoidance or withdrawal vs glucocorticosteroid‐based immunosuppression All‐cause mortality · liver transplanted patients Glucocorticosteroid‐free versus glucocorticosteroid‐containing immunosuppression for liver transplanted… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.93, 1.44] | 15 studies · 1323 participants | Low |
Glucocorticosteroid avoidance or withdrawal vs glucocorticosteroid‐based immunosuppression Graft loss including death · liver transplanted patients Glucocorticosteroid‐free versus glucocorticosteroid‐containing immunosuppression for liver transplanted… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.9, 1.46] | 11 studies · 1002 participants | Low |
Glucocorticosteroid avoidance or withdrawal vs glucocorticosteroid‐based immunosuppression Acute rejection · liver transplanted patients Glucocorticosteroid‐free versus glucocorticosteroid‐containing immunosuppression for liver transplanted… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [1.08, 1.64] | 16 studies · 1347 participants | Low |
Glucocorticosteroid avoidance or withdrawal vs glucocorticosteroid‐based immunosuppression Infection · liver transplanted patients Glucocorticosteroid‐free versus glucocorticosteroid‐containing immunosuppression for liver transplanted… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.73, 1.05] | 8 studies · 778 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality six months after Kasai portoenterostomy · infants with biliary atresia Glucocorticosteroids for infants with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse event, two years · infants with biliary atresia Glucocorticosteroids for infants with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · infants with biliary atresia Glucocorticosteroids for infants with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Infants who did not clear jaundice at six months · infants with biliary atresia Glucocorticosteroids for infants with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality or liver transplantation at two years · infants with biliary atresia Glucocorticosteroids for infants with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Subgroup analysis of infants operated on at less than 70 days of age who did not clear their jaundice by six months after Kasai portoenterostomy · infants with biliary atresia Glucocorticosteroids for infants with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Overall mortality (30‐day postoperative; procedure‐ and non‐procedure related) · patients with stones in the gallbladder and common bile duct undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Laparoscopic‐endoscopic rendezvous versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in people undergoing… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 516 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Overall morbidity (30‐day postoperative; procedure‐ and non‐procedure related) · patients with stones in the gallbladder and common bile duct undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Laparoscopic‐endoscopic rendezvous versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in people undergoing… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.29, 1.2] | 4 studies · 433 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure of primary clearance · patients with stones in the gallbladder and common bile duct undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Laparoscopic‐endoscopic rendezvous versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in people undergoing… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.22, 1.38] | 5 studies · 516 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinical postoperative pancreatitis · patients with stones in the gallbladder and common bile duct undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Laparoscopic‐endoscopic rendezvous versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in people undergoing… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.09, 1.14] | 5 studies · 516 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Operative time · patients with stones in the gallbladder and common bile duct undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Laparoscopic‐endoscopic rendezvous versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in people undergoing… (2018) · Cochrane | MD 34.07 [11.41, 56.74] | 3 studies · 313 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Length of hospital stay · patients with stones in the gallbladder and common bile duct undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Laparoscopic‐endoscopic rendezvous versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in people undergoing… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 515 participants | Low |
Carvedilol vs traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers Mortality · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices Carvedilol versus traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.48, 1.53] | 7 studies · 507 participants | Low |
Carvedilol vs traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers Upper gastrointestinal bleeding · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices Carvedilol versus traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.43, 1.37] | 10 studies · 810 participants | Very low |
Carvedilol vs traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers Serious adverse events · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices Carvedilol versus traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.67, 1.42] | 10 studies · 810 participants | Low |
Carvedilol vs traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers Non‐serious adverse events · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices Carvedilol versus traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.23, 1.29] | 6 studies · 596 participants | Very low |
Carvedilol vs traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers Hepatic venous pressure gradient at end of treatment (mmHg) · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices Carvedilol versus traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 368 participants | Low |
Carvedilol vs traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers Reduction in hepatic venous pressure gradient (%) · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices Carvedilol versus traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 368 participants | Low |
Carvedilol vs traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers Haemodynamic treatment failure · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices Carvedilol versus traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.57, 1.02] | 6 studies · 368 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Serious adverse events (proportion) ‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin versus pegylated interferon‐alpha · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.72 [0.7, 4.21] | 2 studies · 237 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Hepatocellular carcinoma · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Chronic HCV infection†‐ interferon‐alpha versus no intervention · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.27 [0.09, 0.76] | 3 studies · 99 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Chronic HCV infection†‐ interferon‐beta versus no intervention · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.07 [0, 1.24] | 3 studies · 90 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Chronic HCV infection†‐ MTH‐68/B vaccine versus no intervention · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.28 [0.05, 1.65] | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Chronic HCV infection†‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin versus pegylated interferon‐alpha · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.41, 1.79] | 2 studies · 237 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Serious adverse events (number) ‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin versus pegylated interferon‐alpha · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 2.74 [1.4, 5.33] | 2 studies · 237 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Adverse events (proportion) ‐ interferon‐alpha versus no intervention · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | OR 203 [9.01, 4574.81] | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Adverse events (proportion) ‐ interferon‐beta versus no intervention · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | OR 27.88 [1.48, 526.12] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Adverse events (number) ‐ interferon‐beta versus no intervention · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | OR 17 [0.98, 294.53] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Health‐related quality of life · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Liver transplantation · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Decompensated liver disease · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control) Cirrhosis · people with acute hepatitis C infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis C infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs devascularisation with splenectomy All‐cause mortality · people with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis Surgical portosystemic shunts versus devascularisation procedures for prevention of variceal rebleeding in… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.35 [0.55, 9.92] | 2 studies · 154 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs devascularisation with splenectomy Serious adverse events · people with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis Surgical portosystemic shunts versus devascularisation procedures for prevention of variceal rebleeding in… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.26 [0.44, 11.7] | 2 studies · 154 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs devascularisation with splenectomy Quality of life · people with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis Surgical portosystemic shunts versus devascularisation procedures for prevention of variceal rebleeding in… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 154 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs devascularisation with splenectomy Variceal rebleeding rate · people with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis Surgical portosystemic shunts versus devascularisation procedures for prevention of variceal rebleeding in… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.13, 1.23] | 2 studies · 154 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs devascularisation with splenectomy Encephalopathy · people with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis Surgical portosystemic shunts versus devascularisation procedures for prevention of variceal rebleeding in… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 7.51 [1.45, 38.89] | 2 studies · 154 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs devascularisation with splenectomy Ascites · people with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis Surgical portosystemic shunts versus devascularisation procedures for prevention of variceal rebleeding in… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.98] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Surgical portosystemic shunts vs devascularisation with splenectomy Any re‐intervention · people with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis Surgical portosystemic shunts versus devascularisation procedures for prevention of variceal rebleeding in… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 70.83] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Gemcitabine plus vandetanib vs vandetanib All‐cause mortality at 1 year · people with advanced biliary tract carcinomas Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gemcitabine vs vandetanib Overall response rate · people with advanced biliary tract carcinomas Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.77 [0.82, 17.33] | 1 study · 108 participants | Very low |