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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Occlusal adjustment as an adjunct to surgical periodontal therapy vs Surgical periodontal therapy alone (no occlusal adjustment) Tooth loss · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis · Minimum 3 months (planned) Occlusal interventions for periodontitis in adults (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Zinc chloride + sodium chlorite mouthrinse (TriOral) vs Control mouthrinse (containing neither zinc chloride nor sodium chlorite) Halimeter-assessed volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g.… · 4 weeks Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis (2008) · Cochrane | Codipilly 2004: precise data could not be extracted (results presented as graph plots). Reported VSC reductions from baseline for zinc chloride + sodium chlorite (TriOral): 55% (P < 0.01) at 2 weeks and 60% (P < 0.01)… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Hand instrumentation in conjunction with (as an adjunct to) an ultrasonic device designed specifically for root canal treatment and capable of the active or passive removal of dentine within the root canal vs Hand instrumentation used alone (files and reamers used manually) Outcome NR · People over 18 years of age with single or multiple permanent teeth with a completely formed apex and no evidence of… Hand and ultrasonic instrumentation for orthograde root canal treatment of permanent teeth (2008) · Cochrane | No eligible randomised controlled trials were identified. | NR | No studies |
Essential oils mouthrinse (Listerine) vs Placebo Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g.… · 4 weeks Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis (2008) · Cochrane | Borden 2002: mean change in organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). Essential oils (Listerine): 0.02 at 2 weeks, 0 at 4 weeks; Placebo: 0.23 at 2 weeks, 0.16 at 4 weeks. Listerine did not reduce organoleptic scores. No… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Systemic oral acyclovir vs Placebo or no treatment Number of individuals with drinking difficulties (8 days after administration); duration of drinking difficulties · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis) · 8 days after administration Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (2008) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.01, 0.83] | 1 study · 72 participants | Ungraded |
Occlusal adjustment as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy vs Non-surgical periodontal therapy alone (no occlusal adjustment) Tooth loss · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis · Minimum 3 months (planned) Occlusal interventions for periodontitis in adults (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal adjustment as an adjunct to surgical periodontal therapy vs Surgical periodontal therapy alone (no occlusal adjustment) Clinical attachment level change (mean gain, mm) · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis · 2 years Occlusal interventions for periodontitis in adults (2008) · Cochrane | MD 0.40 [0.05, 0.75] | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
Systemic oral acyclovir vs Placebo or no treatment Number of individuals admitted to hospital after administration · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis) · After administration Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (2008) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.01, 2.67] | 1 study · 72 participants | Ungraded |
Essential oils mouthrinse (Listerine) vs Placebo Halimeter-assessed volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g.… · 4 weeks Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis (2008) · Cochrane | Borden 2002: mean change in halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Essential oils (Listerine): -43.22 at 2 weeks (48.54% reduction), -68.90 at 4 weeks (77.39% reduction); Placebo: -39.86 at 2 weeks (45.25%), -36.77 at 4 weeks… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Excisional surgery vs Ablative surgery Subsequent spontaneous conception · patients with ovarian endometriomata Excisional surgery versus ablative surgery for ovarian endometriomata (2008) · Cochrane | OR 5.21 [2.04, 13.29] | 2 studies · 88 participants | Low |
Excisional surgery vs Ablative surgery Pregnancy rate after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation · patients with ovarian endometriomata Excisional surgery versus ablative surgery for ovarian endometriomata (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.4 [0.47, 4.15] | 1 study · 65 participants | Very low |
Topotecon+Carboplatin+Paclitaxel vs Carboplatin+Paclitaxel Overall Survivalclinical observation · patients with ovarian cancer Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | HR 1.02 [0.97, 1.06] | 2 studies · 1998 participants | High |
Topotecon vs Topotecon+thalidomide Overall response · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.23, 0.99] | 1 study · 75 participants | Low |
Topotecan vs treosulfan Overall survival · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 274 participants | High |
Topotecan vs treosulfan Progression free survival · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 274 participants | High |
Topotecan vs treosulfan Response to treatment · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | RR 1.76 [1.06, 2.94] | 1 study · 274 participants | Moderate |
Topotecon+Carboplatin+Paclitaxel vs Carboplatin+Paclitaxel Progress free survival · patients with ovarian cancer Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | HR 1.03 [1.03, 1.03] | 2 studies · 1998 participants | Low |
Topotecon vs PLD Survival Hazard Ratio (platium‐sensitive) · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 220 participants | Moderate |
Topotecon vs PLD Survival Hazard Ratio (Platium‐resistant) · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.35, 1.38] | 1 study · 255 participants | Low |
Topotecon vs PLD Progression free survival (platium‐sensitive) · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 220 participants | Moderate |
Topotecon vs PLD Progression free survival (platium‐resistant) · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 220 participants | Moderate |
Topotecon vs paclitaxel SurvivalScale from: 1 to 226.3. · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 226 participants | High |
Topotecon vs paclitaxel Time to progressionScale from: 1 to 137.3. · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 226 participants | High |
Topotecon vs Topotecon+thalidomide Progreesion free survival · patients with EOC Topotecan for ovarian cancer (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | High |
Intervention NR Number of participants with increased cough · patients with prolonged non‐specific cough in children Anti‐histamines for prolonged non‐specific cough in children (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.47 [0.86, 2.49] | 4 studies · 3090 participants | Moderate |
procaine vs placebo cognitive function improvement in "healthy" elderly persons Wechsler's memory scale2 · "healthy" old persons and demented women Procaine treatments for cognition and dementia (2008) · Cochrane | OR 12.71 [3.81, 42.42] | 1 study · 81 participants | Low |
procaine vs placebo cognitive function improvement in demented women Wechsler's memory scale2 · "healthy" old persons and demented women Procaine treatments for cognition and dementia (2008) · Cochrane | OR 0.04 [0, 1.12] | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
procaine vs placebo overall changes from baseline in "healthy persons7 ‐ not measured · "healthy" old persons and demented women Procaine treatments for cognition and dementia (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
procaine vs placebo overall changes from baseline in demented women · "healthy" old persons and demented women Procaine treatments for cognition and dementia (2008) · Cochrane | OR 0.04 [0, 0.83] | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
procaine vs placebo total adverse events in "healthy" persons · "healthy" old persons and demented women Procaine treatments for cognition and dementia (2008) · Cochrane | OR 7.3 [2.13, 25.02] | 2 studies · 415 participants | Low |
Regular salmeterol vs placebo All‐cause mortality ‐ adults and adolescents · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.85, 2.08] | 10 studies · 29128 participants | Moderate |
Regular salmeterol vs regular salbutamol All‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ adults and adolescents · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.85, 1.1] | 5 studies · 27002 participants | Moderate |
Regular salmeterol vs regular salbutamol All‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ children · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.37 [0.71, 2.64] | 3 studies · 1181 participants | Moderate |
Regular salmeterol vs regular salbutamol Asthma‐related mortality ‐ adults and adolescents · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 2.36 [0.78, 7.16] | 4 studies · 26463 participants | Moderate |
Regular salmeterol vs regular salbutamol Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ adults and adolescents · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.37, 2.34] | 3 studies · 1155 participants | Low |
Regular salmeterol vs regular salbutamol Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ children · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.04 [0.47, 2.31] | 3 studies · 1186 participants | Low |
Regular salmeterol vs placebo All‐cause mortality ‐ children · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1126 participants | Ungraded |
Regular salmeterol vs placebo All‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ adults and adolescents · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.14 [1.01, 1.28] | 13 studies · 30196 participants | High |
Regular salmeterol vs placebo All‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ children · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.3 [0.82, 2.05] | 5 studies · 1333 participants | Moderate |
Regular salmeterol vs placebo Asthma‐related mortality ‐ adults and adolescents · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 3.49 [1.31, 9.31] | 10 studies · 29128 participants | High |
Regular salmeterol vs placebo Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ adults and adolescents · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.43 [0.75, 2.71] | 12 studies · 3841 participants | Low |
Regular salmeterol vs placebo Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ children · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.72 [1, 2.98] | 5 studies · 1333 participants | Moderate |
Regular salmeterol vs regular salbutamol All‐cause mortality ‐ adults and adolescents · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.28 [0.79, 2.05] | 4 studies · 26463 participants | Moderate |
Regular salmeterol vs regular salbutamol All‐cause mortality ‐ children · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2008) · Cochrane | OR 0.04 [0, 2.97] | 3 studies · 1152 participants | Low |
AFI vs SDVP: summary of findings table Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · pregnant women to prevent adverse pregnancy outcome Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket as a screening test for preventing adverse… (2008) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.85, 1.26] | 5 studies · 3226 participants | Moderate |
AFI vs SDVP: summary of findings table Perinatal deaths · pregnant women to prevent adverse pregnancy outcome Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket as a screening test for preventing adverse… (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
AFI vs SDVP: summary of findings table Umbilical artery pH less than 7.1 · pregnant women to prevent adverse pregnancy outcome Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket as a screening test for preventing adverse… (2008) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.74, 1.65] | 3 studies · 2625 participants | Moderate |
AFI vs SDVP: summary of findings table Rate of diagnosis of oligohydramnios · pregnant women to prevent adverse pregnancy outcome Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket as a screening test for preventing adverse… (2008) · Cochrane | RR 2.39 [1.73, 3.28] | 5 studies · 3226 participants | Moderate |
AFI vs SDVP: summary of findings table Caesarean delivery · pregnant women to prevent adverse pregnancy outcome Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket as a screening test for preventing adverse… (2008) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.92, 1.29] | 5 studies · 3226 participants | Moderate |
AFI vs SDVP: summary of findings table Rate of induction of labor · pregnant women to prevent adverse pregnancy outcome Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket as a screening test for preventing adverse… (2008) · Cochrane | RR 1.92 [1.5, 2.46] | 4 studies · 2138 participants | High |