What do systematic reviews say?

Erdosteine vs no treatment

Erdosteine may leads to higher lung function change in FEV1 (L) at day 15 compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Mucolytics for bronchiectasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 200 [40, 360]
  1 study · 30 participants
  Low

TCu 220C vs Copper 7

TCu 220C showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to pregnancy (750 days) compared with copper 7 (moderate certainty).

• Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.04, 4.83]
  2 studies · 2274 participants
  Moderate

TCu 220C vs Copper 7

TCu 220C showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to expulsion (750 days) compared with copper 7 (moderate certainty).

• Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.14, 1.5]
  2 studies · 2274 participants
  Moderate

TCu 220C vs Lippes Loop

TCu 220C showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to perforation (750 days) Tietze‐Potter gross… compared with lippes Loop (moderate certainty).

• Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.13, 6.6]
  2 studies · 2269 participants
  Moderate

TCu 220C vs Lippes Loop

TCu 220C showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to pelvic inflammatory disease (750 days) compared with lippes Loop (moderate certainty).

• Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [0.29, 4.71]
  2 studies · 2269 participants
  Moderate

TCu 220C vs Lippes Loop

TCu 220C probably leads to lower discontinuation rate due to pregnancy (750days) compared with lippes Loop (moderate certainty).

• Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.2, 0.72]
  2 studies · 2269 participants
  Moderate

TCu 220C vs Lippes Loop

TCu 220C probably leads to lower discontinuation rate due to expulsion (750 days) Tietze‐Potter gross… compared with lippes Loop (moderate certainty).

• Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.51 [0.3, 0.88]
  2 studies · 2269 participants
  Moderate

Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery

• Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 776 participants
  Moderate

Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery

• Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 412 participants
  Moderate

Nocturnal ventilation vs no ventilation

It is very uncertain whether nocturnal ventilation changes no improvement of daytime hypercapnia: long‐term compared with no ventilation (very low certainty).

• Nocturnal mechanical ventilation for chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.59 [0.41, 0.86]
  3 studies · 58 participants
  Very low

Volume‐cycled ventilation vs pressure‐cycled ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nocturnal mechanical ventilation for chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics may leads to lower people hospitalized for > 10 days compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

• Colony‐stimulating factors for chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.44, 0.95]
  7 studies · 1087 participants
  Low

LABA/ICS vs LTRA + ICS

• Addition to inhaled corticosteroids of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists versus anti‐leukotrienes for chronic asthma 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 2612 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Corticosteroids for dengue infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 63 participants
  Very low

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes early onset GBS disease (sepsis and/or meningitis within the first… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early‐onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.32 [0.34, 15.63]
  2 studies · 987 participants
  Very low

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes GBS pneumonia within the first seven days of life compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early‐onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.35 [0.01, 8.6]
  2 studies · 987 participants
  Very low

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes neonatal colonization with GBS within the first seven days of life compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early‐onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.4, 1.01]
  3 studies · 328 participants
  Very low

Different dosing regimens of aminoglycosides (daily vs 8 hourly)

Different dosing regimens of aminoglycosides (daily showed no clear difference in persistent bacteriuria after 1 to 3 days of treatment compared with 8 hourly) (low certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.15, 7.27]
  3 studies · 435 participants
  Low

Early oral feeding vs delayed oral feeding

• Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 338 participants
  Moderate

Early oral feeding vs delayed oral feeding

• Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 444 participants
  High