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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,000 questions in 69 reviews · Urology
current versionsNo studies 196 · 19.6%Ungraded 33 · 3.3%Very low 198 · 19.8%Low 354 · 35.4%Moderate 206 · 20.6%High 13 · 1.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement Postoperative pain day 1 to day 3 Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 683 participants | Low |
URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement Postoperative pain day 4 to day 30 Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 903 participants | Very low |
URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement Secondary interventions Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.39, 3.33] | 10 studies · 1435 participants | Low |
URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement Narcotic requirement Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.48, 1.36] | 7 studies · 830 participants | Very low |
URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement UTI (positive urine culture as well as symptoms) up to 90 days Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.59, 1.51] | 10 studies · 1207 participants | Moderate |
URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement Ureteral stricture up to 90 days Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.23, 1.47] | 14 studies · 1625 participants | Very low |
URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement Hospital admission Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.32, 1.55] | 13 studies · 1647 participants | Very low |
PUL vs TURP Urological symptom scores Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
PUL vs TURP Retreatment Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.39 [0.51, 11.1] | 1 study · 79 participants | Very low |
PUL vs TURP Erectile function Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Moderate |
PUL vs TURP Ejaculatory function Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
PUL vs sham Urological symptom scores Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 206 participants | Low |
PUL vs sham Quality of life Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 206 participants | Moderate |
PUL vs sham Major adverse events Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 3.3 [0.41, 26.28] | 1 study · 206 participants | Very low |
PUL vs sham Retreatment Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 206 participants | Low |
PUL vs sham Erectile function Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 197 participants | Moderate |
PUL vs sham Ejaculatory function Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 144 participants | Moderate |
PUL vs TURP Quality of life Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
PUL vs TURP Major adverse events Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.18, 2.19] | 1 study · 79 participants | Very low |
PUL vs TURP Retreatment Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.21, 6.75] | 1 study · 79 participants | Very low |
PUL vs TURP Erectile function Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Moderate |
PUL vs TURP Ejaculatory function Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Moderate |
PUL vs TURP Urological symptom scores Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
PUL vs TURP Quality of life Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
PUL vs TURP Major adverse events Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aquablation vs transurethral resection of the prostate Urologic symptom scores · men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Aquablation of the prostate for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 174 participants | Moderate |
Aquablation vs transurethral resection of the prostate Quality of life · men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Aquablation of the prostate for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 174 participants | Low |
Aquablation vs transurethral resection of the prostate Major adverse events · men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Aquablation of the prostate for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.31, 2.26] | 1 study · 181 participants | Very low |
Aquablation vs transurethral resection of the prostate Retreatment · men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Aquablation of the prostate for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.68 [0.18, 15.83] | 1 study · 181 participants | Very low |
Aquablation vs transurethral resection of the prostate Erectile function (sexually active men only) · men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Aquablation of the prostate for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
Aquablation vs transurethral resection of the prostate Ejaculatory function (sexually active men only) · men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Aquablation of the prostate for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 121 participants | Very low |
Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy Time to bladder cancer recurrence (absolute effect size estimates based on recurrence rate at 12 months) Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.51 [0.32, 0.82] | 2 studies · 311 participants | Low |
Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy Time to death from UTUC5 Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy Serious adverse events Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 311 participants | Very low |
Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy Time to death from any cause5 Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy Minor adverse events Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy Disease‐specific quality of life5 Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Impact of extended vs standard lymph node dissection on overall survival among patients with urothelial cancer of the bladder Time to death from any cause (absolute effect size estimates based on death rate at 5 years) · Partcipants with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (male n = 314, female n = 87; age (interquartile range)… Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in patients… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.78 [0.57, 1.07] | 1 study · 401 participants | Low |
Impact of extended vs standard lymph node dissection on overall survival among patients with urothelial cancer of the bladder Time to death from bladder cancer (absolute effect size estimates based on death rate at 5 years) · Partcipants with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (male n = 314, female n = 87; age (interquartile range)… Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in patients… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.7 [0.45, 1.07] | 1 study · 401 participants | Low |
Impact of extended vs standard lymph node dissection on overall survival among patients with urothelial cancer of the bladder Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥ 3 complications · Partcipants with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (male n = 314, female n = 87; age (interquartile range)… Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in patients… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.84, 1.52] | 1 study · 401 participants | Very low |
Impact of extended vs standard lymph node dissection on overall survival among patients with urothelial cancer of the bladder Time to recurrence (absolute effect size estimates based on recurrence rate at 5 years) · Partcipants with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (male n = 314, female n = 87; age (interquartile range)… Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in patients… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.84 [0.58, 1.22] | 1 study · 401 participants | Very low |
Impact of extended vs standard lymph node dissection on overall survival among patients with urothelial cancer of the bladder Clavien‐Dindo grade ≤ 2 complications8 · Partcipants with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (male n = 314, female n = 87; age (interquartile range)… Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in patients… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.74, 1.19] | 1 study · 401 participants | Very low |
Impact of extended vs standard lymph node dissection on overall survival among patients with urothelial cancer of the bladder Disease‐specific quality of life9 · Partcipants with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (male n = 314, female n = 87; age (interquartile range)… Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in patients… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Whole gland primary cryotherapy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) Time to death from prostate cancer (absolute effects: disease‐specific mortality) Primary cryotherapy for localised or locally advanced prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1 [0.11, 9.45] | 2 studies · 293 participants | Very low |
Whole gland primary cryotherapy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) Quality of life ‐ urinary function Primary cryotherapy for localised or locally advanced prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 195 participants | Very low |
Whole gland primary cryotherapy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) Quality of life ‐ bowel function Primary cryotherapy for localised or locally advanced prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 195 participants | Very low |
Whole gland primary cryotherapy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) Quality of life ‐ sexual function Primary cryotherapy for localised or locally advanced prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 195 participants | Very low |
Whole gland primary cryotherapy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) Major adverse events Primary cryotherapy for localised or locally advanced prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.47, 1.78] | 2 studies · 293 participants | Very low |
Whole gland primary cryotherapy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) Time to death from any cause (absolute effects: overall mortality) Primary cryotherapy for localised or locally advanced prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.99 [0.05, 18.79] | 2 studies · 293 participants | Very low |
Whole gland primary cryotherapy vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) Secondary interventions for treatment failure ‐ not reported Primary cryotherapy for localised or locally advanced prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |