Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant and lactating women with HIV
Multivitamins showed no clear difference in preterm birth < 37 weeks Gestational age was determined using date… compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Small‐for‐gestational age or IUGR · Pregnant and lactating women with HIV
Multivitamins probably leads to lower small‐for‐gestational‐age Gestational age was determined using date… compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Foetal death · Pregnant and lactating women with HIV
Multivitamins probably leads to lower foetal death (stillbirth and miscarriage) compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in haemoglobin level from baseline · Pregnant and lactating women with HIV
1 finding from 1 review
Change in CD4 count · Pregnant and lactating women with HIV
1 finding from 1 review
Bone mineral content at the end of intervention mg/cmPhoton absorptiometry · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health
1 finding from 1 review
Nutritional rickets ‐ biochemical Alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphate levels. · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health
1 finding from 1 review
Hypercalcaemia · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health
Vitamin D given to infants showed no clear difference in adverse effects (hypercalcaemia) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Vitamin B1 vs placebo
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported
Stillbirth · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…
Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in stillbirth compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…
Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…
Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in clinical pre‐eclampsia (random‐effects model) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intrauterine growth restriction · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…
Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in intrauterine growth restriction (various definitions) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…
Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in prelabour rupture of fetal membranes ‐ preterm compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Bleeding episodes (placental abruption) · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…
Any vitamin E supplementation leads to lower bleeding episodes (placental abruption) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any AMD · general population
Multivitamin probably leads to higher any AMD compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Late AMD · general population
Multivitamin showed no clear difference in late AMD compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neovascular AMD · general population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Geographic atrophy · general population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Quality of life · general population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found