Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Birth length: WMD 0.97 (95% CI -0.41 to 2.34), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Systolic blood pressure: WMD -2.39 (95% CI -5.7 to 0.9), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density (Whole body / total), Healthy children: SMD 0.1 (95% CI -0.06 to 0.26), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in hip, Healthy children: SMD 0.06 (95% CI -0.18 to 0.29), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density, Community-dwelling adults: WMD -0.9 (95% CI -2.10 to 0.40), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Dental caries: RR 0.53 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.65), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Insulin resistance (Diabetes): SMD 0.16 (95% CI -0.11 to 0.42), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month showed no clear difference in presence of pain compared with 12,000 IU/month (moderate certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation changes maternal vitamin B12 deficiency compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Vitamin D + calcium supplementation may leads to higher preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium supplementation changes low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
Vitamin D + calcium supplementation probably leads to lower pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium supplementation changes gestational diabetes compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).