Search review questions

Dental caries (presence/absence) · Children and adolescents under 18 years with HIV · Not specified (case-control), Case-control studies

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: corrosion · HDI: Very high

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity · Continent: Europe

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa · Parents' education level [Chouchene]

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Etch-and-Rinse + biological ACAD

Log diagnostic odds ratio · Patients undergoing dental caries detection on dental images (teeth/surfaces across imaging modalities) · Cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy (index test vs reference standard), Overall (all imaging modalities pooled)

Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · Females aged over 50 years · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Females >50, spine BMD dose-response

Radiographic progression of proximal caries lesions · Caries depth: lesions extending beyond DEJ (favored microinvasive; narrative, no numeric estimate)

Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · Children (aged 3-11 y) with cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth · 12 months, 12-month follow-up

IL-8 level · People who use electronic cigarettes · Saliva

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration · Continent: South America

Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants · SVMR Maximum Likelihood

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: corrosion · Coverage: Covering cost of minimally invasive treatment

Streptococcus mutans relative abundance · Children under 6 years with severe early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Risk of fragility fractures · Males · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Males: drinking-water fluoride 0.57 mg/L vs null

Lumbar spine bone mineral density · European GWAS participants · MVMR IVW

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a… · Not applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023), HDI: Low

Risk of early childhood caries · Children up to 71 months · 12-24 months

Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants · SVMR Maximum Likelihood

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin · Continent: Africa

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration · Continent: Europe

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin · HDI: Very high

Dental plaque (plaque index) · Children and adolescents aged 5-18 years · Post-intervention (follow-up 1 to 24 months, varies by study), Overall

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD

Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture · Postmenopausal women (European ancestry) · Lifelong genetic liability, MVMR (IVW), adjusted for DMFS

Early childhood caries (ECC), prevalence · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa · Sampling: convenience

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity · Coverage: Not covering

Proximal caries detection: sensitivity · Patients (in vivo); permanent and primary teeth, proximal (approximal) surfaces · Overall (all dentition)

Oral hygiene behavior (brushing habits, preventive dental visits, dietary choices) · Children and adolescents aged <=18 years · Post-intervention (predominantly short-term; long-term follow-up in a minority of studies)

Forearm fracture · European GWAS participants · SVMR Weighted Median

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Etch-and-Rinse + chemical ACAD

Streptococcus relative abundance · Children under 6 years with severe early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa · Delayed/late visit

Fracture of femur · European-ancestry adults · Lifelong genetic liability, SVMR (IVW), total causal effect

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: superficial discoloration · HDI: Very high

Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants · SVMR Weighted Median

Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · Females (all ages) · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Females, low-to-moderate risk-of-bias studies: 0.20 mg/L vs null

Early childhood caries (ECC), prevalence · Study site: urban and rural (both)

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: superficial discoloration · Continent: South America

Postoperative pain and analgesic intake · Adults (18-45 y) with mature permanent molars, carious exposure and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis · Postoperative days 1-2, Lateral extent of pulp amputation

Early childhood caries (ECC), prevalence · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa · Sampling: stratified/multistage cluster

Osteoporosis · European-ancestry adults · Lifelong genetic liability, SVMR (IVW), total causal effect

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) · Mature permanent (molar) teeth with deep caries and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis (spontaneous pain) · >=6 months

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa · >18 months

Reduced salivary S. mutans counts · Humans at risk of dental caries (children aged 6-12 years; adults with dental caries) · Daily for 14 days to 4 weeks

Osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants · MVMR MR-Egger

Clinical and radiographic success rate · Adults (>=18 y) with mature permanent teeth, carious exposure and normal/reversibly inflamed pulp · 1 year

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL sum score, transformed 0-100) · Community-dwelling elderly persons aged ≥60 years · Lowest out-of-pocket expenditure

Periodontitis / periodontal disease and periodontal parameters · Adult e-cigarette (ENDS) users (general oral health; predominantly natural dentition)

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a… · Not applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023), Overall (all 21 countries pooled)