Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,721 questions · 19,640 findings · 2,039 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,754 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 1,273 · 6.5%Very low 4,859 · 24.7%Low 5,568 · 28.4%Moderate 3,240 · 16.5%High 946 · 4.8%

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Antihypertensive drug therapy vs placebo

Quality of life measured via Sickness Impact Profile, PGWB Positive well‐being, and EuroQoL Current Health Range of · participants without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of hypertension in people without prior cerebrovascular disease for the prevention of… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 15795 participants
Very low

Antipsychotics vs placebo

Quality of life · adults with psychotic depression

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment for psychotic depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antipsychotics vs placebo

Acceptability ‐ dropouts due to adverse effects · adults with psychotic depression

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment for psychotic depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antipsychotics vs placebo

Leaving the study early · adults with psychotic depression

It is very uncertain whether antipsychotic changes overall dropouts compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment for psychotic depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.57, 1.08]
2 studies · 201 participants
Very low

n3PUFAs vs placebo

Adverse events Study reports · adults with Major Depressive Disorder

It is very uncertain whether n3PUFAs changes adverse eventsStudy reports compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for depression in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.27 [0.99, 1.64]
24 studies · 1503 participants
Very low

n3PUFAs vs placebo

Quality of lifeValidated quality of life scales as used by authors, CGI (7‐point scale) where possible, higher scores indicate poorer quality of life · adults with Major Depressive Disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for depression in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 476 participants
Very low

n3PUFAs vs placebo

Trial non‐completionStudy reports · adults with Major Depressive Disorder

It is very uncertain whether n3PUFAs changes trial non‐completionStudy reports compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for depression in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.92 [0.7, 1.22]
29 studies · 1777 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Time taken to establish full gavage feeding (days) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Feeding intolerance (number of episodes per day) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) at completion of feed · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Heart rate (beats per minute) at completion of feed · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Heart rate (beats per minute) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Full breastfeeding compared with not breastfeeding or partial breastfeeding · preterm infants

Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle may leads to higher full breastfeeding compared with not breastfeeding or partial… compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.47 [1.19, 1.8]
6 studies · 1074 participants
Low

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) compared with not breastfeeding · preterm infants

Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle probably leads to higher any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) compared with not… compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [1.06, 1.16]
6 studies · 1138 participants
Moderate

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Length of hospital stay · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1004 participants
Low

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Episodes of infection · preterm infants

Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle showed no clear difference in episodes of infection per infant compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.7 [0.35, 1.42]
3 studies · 500 participants
Low

Antihelminthics vs control

Maternal anaemia in third trimester (< 11 g/dL) · pregnant women in second trimester of pregnancy

Antihelminthics showed no clear difference in maternal anaemia in third trimester (< 11 g/dL) compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of mass deworming with antihelminthics for soil‐transmitted helminths during pregnancy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.72, 1]
5 studies · 5745 participants
Low

Antihelminthics vs control

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women in second trimester of pregnancy

Antihelminthics showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of mass deworming with antihelminthics for soil‐transmitted helminths during pregnancy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.67, 1.52]
3 studies · 3356 participants
Low

Antihistamines vs placebo

Nausea · preventing nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether antihistamines changes nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.47, 2.11]
1 study · 149 participants
Very low
Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.3, 0.64]
4 studies · 514 participants
Low