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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Risk of recurrence and mean time‐to‐recurrence after induction of remission at 2 or 6 months · Participants with a diagnosis of JIA and uveitis who are aged 2 to 18 years old Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Mean change from baseline in logMAR visual acuity at 6 months*2 · Participants with a diagnosis of JIA and uveitis who are aged 2 to 18 years old Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mean change from baseline in number of topical or systemic steroids at 6 months*2 · Participants with a diagnosis of JIA and uveitis who are aged 2 to 18 years old Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Frequency and nature of adverse effects · Participants with a diagnosis of JIA and uveitis who are aged 2 to 18 years old Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 134 participants | Low |
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo Risk of any ocular infection within 1 month following corneal abrasion · children and adults with corneal abrasion Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo Time to clinical cure, defined as complete healing (re‐epithelialization) of the epithelium · children and adults with corneal abrasion Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo Change in pain intensity from baseline to 1 month · children and adults with corneal abrasion Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo Recurrent corneal erosion within 1 year · children and adults with corneal abrasion Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo Change in visual acuity from baseline to 1 year, or loss of 1 or more lines of best‐corrected visual acuity at 1 month · children and adults with corneal abrasion Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo Quality of life at 1 month · children and adults with corneal abrasion Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo Adverse effects · children and adults with corneal abrasion Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid Proportion of participants achieving control of inflammation (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.81 [1.1, 7.17] | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate Proportion of participants with confirmed macular edema (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.19, 1.3] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate Proportion of participants achieving steroid‐sparing control§ (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [1.01, 1.5] | 2 studies · 261 participants | Moderate |
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate Proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring cessation of medication (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.43, 2.27] | 2 studies · 296 participants | Low |
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A Proportion of participants achieving control of inflammation (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.7, 1.02] | 2 studies · 112 participants | Very low |
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A Change in BCVA (lower logMAR indicate better vision) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 91 participants | Very low |
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A Proportion of participants achieving a 2‐line improvement in visual acuity (Snellen chart) (higher scores indicate better vision) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A Proportion of participants with confirmed macular edema (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A Proportion of participants achieving steroid‐sparing control (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.33, 1.25] | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A Proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring cessation of medication (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.21, 3.45] | 2 studies · 91 participants | Very low |
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid Change in BCVA (lower logMAR indicate better vision) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 82 participants | Very low |
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid Proportion of participants achieving a 2‐line improvement in visual acuity (Snellen chart) (higher scores indicate better vision) Â · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid Proportion of participants with confirmed macular edema (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid Proportion of participants achieving steroid‐sparing control (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid Proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring cessation of medication (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate Proportion of participants achieving control of inflammation§ (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [1.01, 1.5] | 2 studies · 261 participants | Moderate |
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate Change in BCVA (lower logMAR indicate better vision) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 490 participants | Moderate |
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate Proportion of participants achieving a 2‐line improvement in visual acuity (Snellen chart) (higher scores indicate better vision) · NIIPPU Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Steroids vs lubricants Change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 3654 participants | Moderate |
Steroids vs cyclosporine A Change in TBUT (seconds) (longer is favored) · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0.37 | 5 studies · 353 participants | Low |
Steroids vs cyclosporine A Change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | SMD 0.05 | 6 studies · 465 participants | Low |
Steroids vs cyclosporine A Change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | MD 5.8 | 1 study · 69 participants | Very low |
Steroids vs cyclosporine A Adverse effect: incident elevated IOP ( · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [0.25, 8.33] | 4 studies · 331 participants | Very low |
Steroids vs cyclosporine A Adverse effect: new cataract formation · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Steroids vs lubricants Change in patient‐reported quality of life scores · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Steroids vs lubricants Change in TBUT (seconds) (longer is favored) · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0.7 [0.06, 1.34] | 7 studies · 587 participants | Low |
Steroids vs lubricants Change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 3583 participants | Moderate |
Steroids vs lubricants Change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | MD 1.6 | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Steroids vs lubricants Adverse effect: incident elevated IOP ( · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | RR 5.96 [1.3, 27.38] | 8 studies · 2264 participants | Very low |
Steroids vs lubricants Adverse effect: new cataract formation ( · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.22] | 3 studies · 1205 participants | Very low |
Steroids vs cyclosporine A Change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 465 participants | Low |
Steroids vs cyclosporine A Change in patient‐reported quality of life scores · people with dry eye Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection Motor alignment at near Change in exotropia control at near fixation, measured from baseline to 3 years using the prism and alternate cover test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | MD 1 | 1 study · 163 participants | Moderate |
Patching vs active observation Stereoacuity at distance Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity, measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patching vs active observation Motor alignment at distance fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 511 participants | High |
Patching vs active observation Motor fusion test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patching vs active observation Minor adverse events Defined as any adverse event within 8 weeks of surgery that does not require further intervention · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patching vs active observation Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone Motor alignment at near fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |