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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision

current versions
No studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Intervention NR
Risk of recurrence and mean time‐to‐recurrence after induction of remission at 2 or 6 months · Participants with a diagnosis of JIA and uveitis who are aged 2 to 18 years old
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Mean change from baseline in logMAR visual acuity at 6 months*2 · Participants with a diagnosis of JIA and uveitis who are aged 2 to 18 years old
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 90 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Mean change from baseline in number of topical or systemic steroids at 6 months*2 · Participants with a diagnosis of JIA and uveitis who are aged 2 to 18 years old
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Frequency and nature of adverse effects · Participants with a diagnosis of JIA and uveitis who are aged 2 to 18 years old
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 134 participantsLow
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo
Risk of any ocular infection within 1 month following corneal abrasion · children and adults with corneal abrasion
Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo
Time to clinical cure, defined as complete healing (re‐epithelialization) of the epithelium · children and adults with corneal abrasion
Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo
Change in pain intensity from baseline to 1 month · children and adults with corneal abrasion
Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo
Recurrent corneal erosion within 1 year · children and adults with corneal abrasion
Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo
Change in visual acuity from baseline to 1 year, or loss of 1 or more lines of best‐corrected visual acuity at 1 month · children and adults with corneal abrasion
Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo
Quality of life at 1 month · children and adults with corneal abrasion
Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo
Adverse effects · children and adults with corneal abrasion
Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid
Proportion of participants achieving control of inflammation (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
RR 2.81 [1.1, 7.17]1 study · 41 participantsVery low
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate
Proportion of participants with confirmed macular edema (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
RR 0.49 [0.19, 1.3]1 study · 35 participantsVery low
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate
Proportion of participants achieving steroid‐sparing control§ (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
RR 1.23 [1.01, 1.5]2 studies · 261 participantsModerate
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate
Proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring cessation of medication (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
RR 0.99 [0.43, 2.27]2 studies · 296 participantsLow
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A
Proportion of participants achieving control of inflammation (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
RR 0.84 [0.7, 1.02]2 studies · 112 participantsVery low
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A
Change in BCVA (lower logMAR indicate better vision) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 91 participantsVery low
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A
Proportion of participants achieving a 2‐line improvement in visual acuity (Snellen chart) (higher scores indicate better vision) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A
Proportion of participants with confirmed macular edema (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A
Proportion of participants achieving steroid‐sparing control (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
RR 0.64 [0.33, 1.25]1 study · 21 participantsVery low
Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A
Proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring cessation of medication (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
RR 0.85 [0.21, 3.45]2 studies · 91 participantsVery low
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid
Change in BCVA (lower logMAR indicate better vision) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 82 participantsVery low
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid
Proportion of participants achieving a 2‐line improvement in visual acuity (Snellen chart) (higher scores indicate better vision) Â · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid
Proportion of participants with confirmed macular edema (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid
Proportion of participants achieving steroid‐sparing control (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Non‐biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) vs steroid
Proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring cessation of medication (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 41 participantsVery low
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate
Proportion of participants achieving control of inflammation§ (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
RR 1.23 [1.01, 1.5]2 studies · 261 participantsModerate
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate
Change in BCVA (lower logMAR indicate better vision) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 490 participantsModerate
Methotrexate vs mycophenolate
Proportion of participants achieving a 2‐line improvement in visual acuity (Snellen chart) (higher scores indicate better vision) · NIIPPU
Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Steroids vs lubricants
Change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted15 studies · 3654 participantsModerate
Steroids vs cyclosporine A
Change in TBUT (seconds) (longer is favored) · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
MD 0.375 studies · 353 participantsLow
Steroids vs cyclosporine A
Change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
SMD 0.056 studies · 465 participantsLow
Steroids vs cyclosporine A
Change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
MD 5.81 study · 69 participantsVery low
Steroids vs cyclosporine A
Adverse effect: incident elevated IOP ( · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
RR 1.45 [0.25, 8.33]4 studies · 331 participantsVery low
Steroids vs cyclosporine A
Adverse effect: new cataract formation · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Steroids vs lubricants
Change in patient‐reported quality of life scores · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Steroids vs lubricants
Change in TBUT (seconds) (longer is favored) · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
MD 0.7 [0.06, 1.34]7 studies · 587 participantsLow
Steroids vs lubricants
Change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted15 studies · 3583 participantsModerate
Steroids vs lubricants
Change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
MD 1.61 study · 40 participantsVery low
Steroids vs lubricants
Adverse effect: incident elevated IOP ( · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
RR 5.96 [1.3, 27.38]8 studies · 2264 participantsVery low
Steroids vs lubricants
Adverse effect: new cataract formation ( · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.22]3 studies · 1205 participantsVery low
Steroids vs cyclosporine A
Change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted6 studies · 465 participantsLow
Steroids vs cyclosporine A
Change in patient‐reported quality of life scores · people with dry eye
Topical corticosteroids for dry eye (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection
Motor alignment at near Change in exotropia control at near fixation, measured from baseline to 3 years using the prism and alternate cover test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
MD 11 study · 163 participantsModerate
Patching vs active observation
Stereoacuity at distance Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity, measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patching vs active observation
Motor alignment at distance fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 511 participantsHigh
Patching vs active observation
Motor fusion test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patching vs active observation
Minor adverse events Defined as any adverse event within 8 weeks of surgery that does not require further intervention · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patching vs active observation
Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone
Motor alignment at near fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies