Supplementation with beta‐carotene + vit C + vit E Overall cognitive functioning · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
6 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 2556 participants
Moderate
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 317 participants
Low
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 6956 participants
Moderate
Show 3 more findings
no estimate extracted
1 study · 241 participants
Low
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 3985 participants
Moderate
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 10249 participants
Low
Cognitive function · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
2 findings from 1 review
Incidence of probable dementia or MCI · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of dementia or MCI · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
B vitamins showed no clear difference in incidence of MCI or dementia > 2 to 5 years of supplementation compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (number) Asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes adverse events (number) Definition: asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and… compared with vitamin D (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health‐related quality of life
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Growth pattern
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported
Socioeconomic effects
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase and bone radiograph
Vitamin D plus calcium may leads to higher healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase… compared with vitamin D (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Morbidity (number) Definition: fractures
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes morbidity (number) Definition: fractures compared with vitamin D (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Stuntingc · children under 5 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age
Vitamin D (higher dose) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hypercalcaemia · children under 5 years of age
Vitamin D (higher dose) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effect: hyperphosphataemiac · children under 5 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effect: kidney stonesb · children under 5 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Linear growth (length/height) Unit: cm Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · children under 5 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Birth weight (grammes) Standard balance beam to nearest 10g · Pregnant and lactating women with HIV
1 finding from 1 review
Birth weight < 2500g Standard beam balance to nearest 10g · Pregnant and lactating women with HIV
Multivitamins probably leads to lower birth weight < 2500g Standard beam balance to nearest 10g compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review