Cochrane · systematic review · CD011906
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
Rutjes, AWS, Denton, DA, Di Nisio, M, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2018 · Cochrane Library
Dementia and Cognitive ImprovementAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
24
current version
GRADE rated
23
No studies
1
Included studies
NR
No studies 1 · 4.2%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 4.2%Low 12 · 50%Moderate 10 · 41.7%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
B vitamins compared to placebo for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
Population: cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Overall cognitive functioning 3 to 12 months of supplementation (final measurement data) B vitamins vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2556 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |
Overall cognitive functioning 3 to 12 months of supplementation (change from baseline data) B vitamins vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 317 participants | Low Downgraded: indirectness |
Overall cognitive functioning > 1 to 2 years of supplementation (final measurement data) B vitamins vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 6956 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |
Overall cognitive functioning > 1 to 2 years of supplementation (change from baseline data) B vitamins vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 241 participants | Low Downgraded: indirectness |
Overall cognitive functioning > 2 to 5 years of supplementation (final measurement data) B vitamins vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 3985 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |
Overall cognitive functioning ‐ > 5‐10 years of supplementation (final measurement data) B vitamins vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 10249 participants | Low Downgraded: indirectness |
Incidence of MCI or dementia > 2 to 5 years of supplementation B vitamins vs placebo | RR 0.89 [0.67, 1.18] | 1 study · 1803 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |
Antioxidants compared to placebo for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
Population: cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin E supplementation Overall cognitive functioning Antioxidants vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 74 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Vitamin E supplementation Overall cognitive functioning Antioxidants vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Beta‐carotene supplementation Overall cognitive functioning Antioxidants vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1904 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Beta‐carotene supplementation Overall cognitive functioning Antioxidants vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Beta‐carotene supplementation Overall cognitive functioning Antioxidants vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 4052 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Vitamin C supplementation Overall cognitive functioning Antioxidants vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Supplementation with beta‐carotene + vit C + vit E Overall cognitive functioning Antioxidants vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20536 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Supplementation with beta‐carotene + vit C + vit E Overall cognitive functioning Antioxidants vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1100 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Incidence of all‐cause dementia Antioxidants vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 25 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Vitamin D3 compared to placebo for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
Population: cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Overall cognitive functioning Vitamin D3 vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Overall cognitive functioning Vitamin D3 vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 918 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Incidence of probable dementia or MCI Vitamin D3 vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 4143 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Zinc + copper compared to placebo for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
Population: cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Overall cognitive functioning Zinc + copper vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1072 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Incidence of dementia or MCI Zinc + copper vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1072 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Complex multivitamin compared to control for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
Population: cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Overall cognitive functioning Complex multivitamin vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 5947 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Overall cognitive functioning Complex multivitamin vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 2324 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Incidence of MCI or all‐cause dementia ‐ not measured Complex multivitamin vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |