Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,156 questions · 1,179 findings · 198 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 250 · 21.2%GRADE not reported 43 · 3.6%Very low 236 · 20%Low 395 · 33.5%Moderate 208 · 17.6%High 47 · 4%

Summary of findings ‐ nebulisers for delivering other aerosolised medications: VMT and AAD tidal breathing mode (TBM) vs VMT and AAD target inhalation mode (TIM)

Adverse events · adults with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebuliser systems for drug delivery in cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 15 participants
Very low

Summary of findings ‐ nebulisers for delivering other aerosolised medications: VMT and AAD tidal breathing mode (TBM) vs VMT and AAD target inhalation mode (TIM)

FEV1 · adults with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebuliser systems for drug delivery in cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 15 participants
Very low

Summary of findings ‐ nebulisers for delivering other aerosolised medications: VMT and AAD tidal breathing mode (TBM) vs VMT and AAD target inhalation mode (TIM)

Time to next exacerbation · adults with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebuliser systems for drug delivery in cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ nebulisers for delivering other aerosolised medications: VMT and AAD tidal breathing mode (TBM) vs VMT and AAD target inhalation mode (TIM)

Participant satisfaction or preference · adults with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebuliser systems for drug delivery in cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 15 participants
Very low

Psychological interventions vs usual care, no intervention, or treatment with no psychological component

Behavioural outcome: medication use Multimodal/complexk, ATCS Plus versus usual care or enhanced usual care (plus information) · adolescents with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for asthma in children and adolescents 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 822 participants
Very low

NSAIDs vs combined OCP

Requirement for additional medication · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Combined OCP vs placebo or no treatment

Requirement for additional medication · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

Combined OCP may leads to lower requirement for additional medication compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.63 [0.4, 0.98]
2 studies · 163 participants
Low

Combined low‐dose OCP vs another combined low‐dose OCP

Requirement for additional medication · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care

Residents with at least one psychotropic medication · older people in all long‐term care settings

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1202 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care

Residents with at least one psychotropic medication ‐ not measured · older people in all long‐term care settings

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Residents with at least one psychotropic medication · older people in all long‐term care settings

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one psychotropic medication compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.95, 1.06]
2 studies · 3452 participants
Moderate

Anti‐VEGF vs no anti‐VEGF

Proportion of participants with IOP ≤ 21 mmHg, with or without ocular hypotensive medications, 4 to 6 weeks · people with neovascular glaucoma

Anti‐VEGF may leads to higher proportion of participants with IOP ≤ 21 mmHg, with or without… compared with no anti‐VEGF (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular glaucoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [1.1, 1.59]
1 study · 93 participants
Low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

Medication appropriateness · older people receiving polypharmacy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 947 participants
Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

The number of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) · older people receiving polypharmacy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 2404 participants
Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

The proportion of patients with one or more potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) · older people receiving polypharmacy

It is very uncertain whether pharmaceutical care changes the proportion of patients with one or more potentially… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.68, 0.98]
13 studies · 4534 participants
Very low

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐related drugs vs placebo

Irritability · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 400 participants
Low

Iridotomy vs no iridotomy

Mean number of antiglaucoma medications at 1‐year · people with primary angle‐closure suspect

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Iridotomy to slow progression of visual field loss in angle‐closure glaucoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Culturally and literacy adapted medical instruction vs no health literacy intervention

Health literacy – Medication understanding Multiple measures used: Demonstration by means of correct dosage in dosing tray (0 to 5) Correct interpretation of label contents, 11 labels MUQ (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 478 participants
Low

Culturally and literacy adapted medical instruction vs no health literacy intervention

Medication adherence (continuous) · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 200 participants
Low

Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy

Proportion of participants requiring further IOP‐lowering interventions (additional surgery, medications, or both) (lower number of events is better) · Participants with acute primary angle closure after initial medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure

It is very uncertain whether phacoemulsification changes proportion of participants requiring further IOP‐lowering… compared with laser peripheral iridotomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.07 [0.01, 0.51]
2 studies · 99 participants
Very low