Postnatal depression · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Death or serious morbidity composite · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Cerebral palsy · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Neurosensory disability · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis · women in established labour and their babies.
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… probably leads to higher caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · women in established labour and their babies.
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… showed no clear difference in instrumental vaginal birth compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All perinatal losses · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy
Cerclage showed no clear difference in all perinatal losses compared with no cerclage (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious neonatal morbidity · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy
Cerclage showed no clear difference in serious neonatal morbidity compared with no cerclage (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Baby discharged home healthy · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy
Cerclage showed no clear difference in baby discharged home healthy compared with no cerclage (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Stillbirth · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy
Cerclage showed no clear difference in stillbirths compared with no cerclage (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death of the baby before discharge: neonatal death · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy
Cerclage showed no clear difference in neonatal deaths before discharge compared with no cerclage (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy
Cerclage leads to lower preterm birth before 34 completed weeks compared with no cerclage (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of second stage (minutes) · women in the second stage of labour
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Delayed pushing showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal intensive care compared with immediate pushing (all women with epidural) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether delayed pushing changes 5‐minute Apgar score < 7 compared with immediate pushing (all women with epidural) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of pushing (minutes) · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Spontaneous vaginal delivery · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Delayed pushing probably leads to higher spontaneous vaginal delivery compared with immediate pushing (all women with epidural) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
3rd or 4th degree tears · women in the second stage of labour
Spontaneous pushing showed no clear difference in perineal laceration (3rd or 4th degree) compared with directed pushing (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the second stage of labour
It is very uncertain whether spontaneous pushing changes admission to neonatal intensive care compared with directed pushing (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review