Cochrane · systematic review · CD008680
Intermittent auscultation (IA) of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being
Martis, R, Emilia, O, Nurdiati, DS, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2017 · Cochrane Library
Pregnancy and ChildbirthAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
42
current version
GRADE rated
15
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 27 · 64.3%Very low 8 · 19%Low 5 · 11.9%Moderate 2 · 4.8%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) versus routine Pinard (outcomes for the baby)
Population: women in established labour and their babies.
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 0.66 [0.24, 1.83] | 1 study · 633 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Cord blood acidosis Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Neonatal seizures Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 0.05 [0, 0.89] | 1 study · 633 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Perinatal mortality Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 0.88 [0.34, 2.25] | 1 study · 633 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Composite of mortality and serious morbidity Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Cerebral palsy Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Neurosensory disability Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) versus routine Pinard (outcomes for the mother)
Population: women in established labour and their babies.
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 2.92 [1.78, 4.8] | 1 study · 633 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Instrumental vaginal birth Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 1.46 [0.86, 2.49] | 1 study · 633 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Maternal mortality Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Any pharmacological or non‐pharmacological analgesia use excluding epidural Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Epidural anaesthesia for pain relief excluding for caesarean section Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mobility or restriction during labour Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Postnatal depression Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler versus routine Pinard (outcomes for the baby)
Population: women in established labour and their babies.
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 0.76 [0.2, 2.87] | 2 studies · 2598 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Cord blood acidosis Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Seizures in the neonatal period Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 0.05 [0, 0.91] | 1 study · 627 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Perinatal mortality Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 0.69 [0.09, 5.4] | 2 studies · 2597 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Composite of mortality and serious morbidity Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Cerebral palsy Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Neurosensory disability Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler versus routine Pinard (outcomes for the mother)
Population: women in established labour and their babies.
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 2.71 [1.64, 4.48] | 1 study · 627 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Instrumental vaginal birth Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 1.35 [0.78, 2.32] | 1 study · 627 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Maternal mortality Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Any pharmacological or non‐pharmacological analgesia use excluding epidural Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Epidural anaesthesia for pain relief excluding for caesarean section Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mobility or restriction during labour Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Postnatal depression Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard versus routine Pinard (outcomes for the baby)
Population: women in established labour and their babies.
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 0.9 [0.35, 2.31] | 1 study · 625 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Cord blood acidosis Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Neonatal seizures Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 0.68 [0.24, 1.88] | 1 study · 625 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Perinatal mortality Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 0.56 [0.19, 1.67] | 1 study · 625 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Composite of mortality and serious morbidity Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Cerebral palsy Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Neurosensory disability Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard versus routine Pinard (outcomes for the mother)
Population: women in established labour and their babies.
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 0.7 [0.35, 1.38] | 1 study · 625 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Instrumental vaginal birth Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | RR 1.21 [0.69, 2.11] | 1 study · 625 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Maternal morbidity Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Any pharmacological or non‐pharmacological analgesia use excluding epidural Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Epidural anaesthesia for pain relief excluding caesarean section Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mobility or restriction during labour Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Postnatal depression Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |