Delayed pushing vs immediate pushing (all women with epidural): Spontaneous vaginal delivery
Delayed pushing probably leads to higher spontaneous vaginal delivery compared with immediate pushing (all women with epidural) (moderate certainty).
What each review found
Include earlier review versions| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Delayed pushing vs immediate pushing (all women with epidural) Spontaneous vaginal delivery · women in the second stage of labour with epidural in situ Delayed pushing probably leads to higher spontaneous vaginal delivery compared with immediate pushing (all women with epidural) (moderate certainty). Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour (2017) · Cochrane Headline outcomes only | RR 1.07 [1.03, 1.11] | 12 studies · 3114 participants | Moderate |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only | Not reported | list not extracted yet | Not assessed |
Studies behind the findings
None of these reviews ties its included studies to this outcome in the data here. Cochrane reviews and reviews with headline outcomes only do not list their studies yet.
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.