Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,696 questions · 3,815 findings · 855 reviews

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No studies found 573 · 15%GRADE not reported 374 · 9.8%Very low 993 · 26%Low 1,062 · 27.8%Moderate 614 · 16.1%High 199 · 5.2%

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Number of migraine days per month · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1915 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Number of headache days per month: chronic migraine only · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1384 participants
High

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Number of migraine days per month: chronic migraine only · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Headache (frequency) · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy vs laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy

Early morbidity (any complication during the first 30 to 60 days following surgery)

It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy changes early morbidity (any complication during the first 30 to 60 days… compared with laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumours in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.27, 1.16]
5 studies · 244 participants
Very low

Absorbable vs non‐absorbable sutures

Postoperative pain: early pain (10 days postoperatively) VAS 0 to 10 Verbal reporting scale No pain‐mild pain‐moderate pain‐severe pain (converted to numerical scale (0 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 10)

2 findings from 1 review

Absorbable versus non‐absorbable sutures for skin closure after carpal tunnel decompression surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 137 participants
Very low
Absorbable versus non‐absorbable sutures for skin closure after carpal tunnel decompression surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Oropharyngeal colostrum (OPC) vs No treatment or saline or water

Time to achieve full enteral feeding (days) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 335 participants
Very low

Oropharyngeal colostrum (OPC) vs No treatment or saline or water

Length of hospital stay · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 293 participants
Very low

Mirtazapine adjunct vs placebo adjunct

Service utilisation outcomes: hospital admission or days in hospital · schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mirtazapine adjunct for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion vs no platelet transfusion

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days after the procedure · thrombocytopenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Use of platelet transfusions prior to lumbar punctures or epidural anaesthesia for the prevention of complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion vs no platelet transfusion

Procedure‐related (lumbar puncture or epidural anaesthetic) complications within 7 days of the procedure · thrombocytopenia

1 finding from 1 review

Use of platelet transfusions prior to lumbar punctures or epidural anaesthesia for the prevention of complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 21 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: feedback on medication adherence to physicians vs usual care

Adherence · any physician, and any patient treated for chronic diseases with long‐term medication use

1 finding from 1 review

Providing physicians with feedback on medication adherence for people with chronic diseases taking long‐term medication 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of any serious adverse events Average study duration (range): 4.7 months (14 days to 21 months) · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents – assessment of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
51 studies · 162422 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Withdrawal of methylphenidate due to adverse events of unknown severity Measured by: proportion of participants withdrawn from treatment Average study duration (range): 4.6 months (21 days to 36 months) · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents – assessment of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 3708 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of any non‐serious adverse events Average study duration (range): 5.99 months (1 day to 41 months) · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents – assessment of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
49 studies · 13978 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Withdrawal of methylphenidate for unknown reasons Measure by: proportion of participants withdrawn from treatment Average study duration (range): 6.13 months (1 day to 36 months) · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents – assessment of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
57 studies · 8340 participants
Very low

Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) vs placebo

Number of days of antibiotic treatment ‐ number of days of intravenous antibiotic treatment · septic arthritis in children taking antibiotics

Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) showed no clear difference in number of days of antibiotic treatment ‐ number of days of… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for septic arthritis in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 2.77
2 studies · 149 participants
Low

Daikenchuto vs control

Patient satisfaction on day of discharge (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS))

1 finding from 1 review

Daikenchuto for reducing postoperative ileus in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 81 participants
Very low

Daikenchuto vs control

Length of postoperative hospital stay

1 finding from 1 review

Daikenchuto for reducing postoperative ileus in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 292 participants
Low

Enteral vs enteral and parenteral nutrition

Ventilator‐free days up to day 28 · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for adults in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found