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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,248 questions in 108 reviews · Stroke
current versionsNo studies 275 · 22%Ungraded 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Fluoxetine vs control at end of treatment, Number of seizures · people with stroke recovery Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for stroke recovery (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [1, 1.98] | 6 studies · 6080 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs control at end of treatment, Bone fractures · people with stroke recovery Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for stroke recovery (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.35 [1.62, 3.41] | 6 studies · 6080 participants | High |
Intravenous thrombolytic treatment vs standard medical care Independent functional outcome at end of · people with stroke upon awakening Intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy for ischaemic wake‐up stroke (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [1.01, 1.26] | 5 studies · 763 participants | High |
Intravenous thrombolytic treatment vs standard medical care Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage at · people with stroke upon awakening Intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy for ischaemic wake‐up stroke (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3.47 [0.98, 12.26] | 4 studies · 754 participants | High |
Intravenous thrombolytic treatment vs standard medical care Death at · people with stroke upon awakening Intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy for ischaemic wake‐up stroke (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.43, 1.07] | 5 studies · 763 participants | High |
Endovascular treatment vs standard medical care Independent functional outcome at end of · people with stroke upon awakening Intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy for ischaemic wake‐up stroke (2021) · Cochrane | RR 5.12 [2.57, 10.17] | 2 studies · 205 participants | High |
Endovascular treatment vs standard medical care Intracranial haemorrhage at · people with stroke upon awakening Intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy for ischaemic wake‐up stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Endovascular treatment vs standard medical care Death at · people with stroke upon awakening Intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy for ischaemic wake‐up stroke (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.43, 1.07] | 2 studies · 205 participants | High |
Environmental enrichment vs standard care following stroke Psychological well‐being and coping (primary outcome) · adults (aged 18 or older) with a diagnosis of stroke Environmental enrichment for stroke and other non‐progressive brain injury (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Environmental enrichment vs standard care following stroke Quality of life (secondary outcome) · adults (aged 18 or older) with a diagnosis of stroke Environmental enrichment for stroke and other non‐progressive brain injury (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Environmental enrichment vs standard care following stroke Physical functional improvement (secondary outcome) · adults (aged 18 or older) with a diagnosis of stroke Environmental enrichment for stroke and other non‐progressive brain injury (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Environmental enrichment vs standard care following stroke Communication and cognitive functional improvement (secondary outcome) · adults (aged 18 or older) with a diagnosis of stroke Environmental enrichment for stroke and other non‐progressive brain injury (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Environmental enrichment vs standard care following stroke Activity levels (secondary outcome) · adults (aged 18 or older) with a diagnosis of stroke Environmental enrichment for stroke and other non‐progressive brain injury (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Environmental enrichment vs standard care following stroke Adverse effects (secondary outcome) · adults (aged 18 or older) with a diagnosis of stroke Environmental enrichment for stroke and other non‐progressive brain injury (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Activities of daily living (ADL) outcomes · rehabilitation vs less time spent The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 864 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Motor impairment measures of the upper limb: medium‐term outcomes · rehabilitation (medium‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 115 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Motor impairment measures of the lower limb: medium‐term outcomes · rehabilitation (medium‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Serious adverse events/death: medium‐term outcomes · rehabilitation (medium‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.63, 2.76] | 3 studies · 344 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Activities of daily living (ADL) outcomes: long‐term outcomes · rehabilitation (long‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 67 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Activity measures of the lower limb: long‐term outcomes · rehabilitation (long‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 67 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Motor impairment measures of the upper limb: long‐term outcomes ‐ not reported · rehabilitation (long‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Motor impairment measures of the lower limb: long‐term outcomes ‐ not reported · rehabilitation (long‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Serious adverse events/death: long‐term outcomes ‐ not reported · rehabilitation (long‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Activity measures of the upper limb (upper limb activity) · rehabilitation vs less time spent The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 426 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Activity measures of the lower limb (lower limb activity) · rehabilitation vs less time spent The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 425 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Motor impairment measures of the upper limb (upper limb impairment) · rehabilitation vs less time spent The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 287 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Motor impairment measures of the lower limb (lower limb impairment) · rehabilitation vs less time spent The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Serious adverse events/death · rehabilitation vs less time spent The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.51, 2.85] | 2 studies · 379 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Activities of daily living (ADL) outcomes: medium‐term outcomes · rehabilitation (medium‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 673 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Activity measures of the upper limb: medium‐term outcomes · rehabilitation (medium‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 218 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time Activity measures of the lower limb: medium‐term outcomes · rehabilitation (medium‐term outcomes) The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 243 participants | Very low |
Interventions vs control at end of intervention Death Analysis 1.1 Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke (2021) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 10 studies · 753 participants | Low |
Interventions vs control at end of intervention Recurrent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events Analysis 1.2 Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 753 participants | Low |
Interventions vs control at end of intervention Adverse events Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke (2021) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 10 studies · 753 participants | Low |
Interventions vs control at end of intervention Sedentary behaviour (time) Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 300 participants | Very low |
Induced hypertension vs placebo or no intervention Death from all causes (primary outcome) · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [0.57, 4.42] | 2 studies · 61 participants | Very low |
Lowered blood pressure vs placebo Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lowered blood pressure vs placebo Quality of life · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lowered blood pressure vs placebo Rebleeding · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lowered blood pressure vs placebo Delayed cerebral ischaemia · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lowered blood pressure vs placebo Hydrocephalus · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Induced hypertension vs placebo or no intervention Death or dependency (primary outcome) · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.78, 2.13] | 2 studies · 61 participants | Very low |
Induced hypertension vs placebo or no intervention Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.24 [1.01, 4.99] | 2 studies · 61 participants | Very low |
Induced hypertension vs placebo or no intervention Quality of life · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Induced hypertension vs placebo or no intervention Rebleeding · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Induced hypertension vs placebo or no intervention Delayed cerebral ischaemia · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.02, 7.32] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Induced hypertension vs placebo or no intervention Hydrocephalus · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lowered blood pressure vs placebo Death from all causes (primary outcome) · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.28, 0.98] | 1 study · 204 participants | Very low |
Lowered blood pressure vs placebo Death or dependency (primary outcome) · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage Interventions for altering blood pressure in people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microsurgical clipping vs endovascular coiling Morbidity (GOS) Short term · people with unruptured intracranial aneurysms Treatments for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 134 participants | Very low |