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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
535 questions in 56 reviews · Hypertension
current versionsNo studies 37 · 6.9%Ungraded 34 · 6.4%Very low 91 · 17%Low 161 · 30.1%Moderate 136 · 25.4%High 76 · 14.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy vs control Fatal myocardial infarction ( · people with hypertension (defined as baseline systolic resting blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or resting diastolic… Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy for prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertensive individuals (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.62, 0.9] | 15 studies · 39908 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Decrease in SBP mmHg mean duration 8.8 weeks · People with primary hypertension Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 460 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Decrease in DBP mmHg mean duration 8.8 weeks · People with primary hypertension Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 460 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Systolic blood pressure · Adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of dual alpha and beta blockers for primary hypertension (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1007 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Diastolic blood pressure · Adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of dual alpha and beta blockers for primary hypertension (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1007 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Heart rate · Adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of dual alpha and beta blockers for primary hypertension (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 977 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pulse pressure · Adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of dual alpha and beta blockers for primary hypertension (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1007 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR WDAE · Adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of dual alpha and beta blockers for primary hypertension (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1412 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR LDL‐cholesterol atorvastatin 10 mg/d · individuals with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Atorvastatin for lowering lipids (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 188 studies · 21941 participants | High |
Intervention NR LDL‐cholesterol atorvastatin 20 mg/d · individuals with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Atorvastatin for lowering lipids (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 80 studies · 9310 participants | High |
Intervention NR LDL‐cholesterol atorvastatin 40 mg/d · individuals with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Atorvastatin for lowering lipids (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 37 studies · 3296 participants | High |
Intervention NR LDL‐cholesterol atorvastatin 80 mg/d · individuals with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Atorvastatin for lowering lipids (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 37 studies · 4281 participants | High |
Intervention NR WDAEb all doses · individuals with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Atorvastatin for lowering lipids (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 34 studies · 3688 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Systolic blood pressure · adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 663 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Diastolic blood pressure · adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 662 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Systolic blood pressure · adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 47 studies · 7733 participants | High |
Intervention NR Diastolic blood pressure · adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 51 studies · 8064 participants | High |
Intervention NR Withdrawal due to adverse effects · adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 studies · 3698 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Decrease in systolic blood pressure · Adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of partial agonist beta blocker monotherapy for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 490 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Decrease in diastolic blood pressure · Adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of partial agonist beta blocker monotherapy for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 490 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Decrease in heart rate · Adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of partial agonist beta blocker monotherapy for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 256 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Decrease in pulse pressure · Adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of partial agonist beta blocker monotherapy for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 490 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Withdrawal due to adverse effect · Adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of partial agonist beta blocker monotherapy for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 117 participants | Very low |
Nonselective beta‐blockers vs placebo SBP (mmHg) · adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of nonselective beta‐blockers for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 948 participants | Low |
Nonselective beta‐blockers vs placebo DBP (mmHg) · adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of nonselective beta‐blockers for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 948 participants | Low |
Nonselective beta‐blockers vs placebo Heart rate (beats per minute) · adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of nonselective beta‐blockers for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 864 participants | Low |
Nonselective beta‐blockers vs placebo Pulse pressure (mmHg) · adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of nonselective beta‐blockers for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 948 participants | Very low |
Nonselective beta‐blockers vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse effect · adults with primary hypertension Blood pressure lowering efficacy of nonselective beta‐blockers for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 729 participants | Low |
Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo Angiotensin receptor blocker (any dose) Mean duration of 4 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 240 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Angiotensin receptor blocker (high‐ versus medium‐dose) · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 237 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Angiotensin receptor blocker (medium‐ versus low‐dose) · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 160 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR High‐ versus low‐dose · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 418 participants | Low |
Intervention NR High‐ versus medium‐dose · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 237 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Medium‐ versus low‐dose · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 160 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR High‐ versus low‐dose · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 187 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR High‐ versus medium‐ dose · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 187 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Medium‐ versus low‐dose · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 139 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR High‐ versus low‐dose · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 187 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo Beta‐blocker (any dose) Mean duration of 4 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 140 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR High‐ versus medium‐dose · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 187 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Medium‐ versus low‐dose · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 139 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR High vs low dose Systolic blood pressure · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 141 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR High vs low dose Diastolic blood pressure · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 141 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo Calcium channel blocker (any dose) Mean duration of 3 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 133 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo Beta‐blocker/thiazide combination (any dose) Mean duration of 10 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 94 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo Angiotensin receptor blocker (any dose) Mean duration of 4 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 240 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo Beta‐blocker (any dose) Mean duration of 4 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 140 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo Calcium channel blocker (any dose) Mean duration of 3 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 133 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo Beta‐blocker/thiazide combination (any dose) Mean duration of 10 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 94 participants | Very low |