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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
915 questions in 93 reviews · Emergency and Critical Care
current versionsNo studies 141 · 15.4%Ungraded 22 · 2.4%Very low 216 · 23.6%Low 272 · 29.7%Moderate 188 · 20.5%High 76 · 8.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Enteral vs enteral and parenteral nutrition Number of ICU‐free days up to day 28 · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes… Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Automated monitoring systems vs standard care Time to initiation of antimicrobial therapy (Time to initiation starts at the time of admission) · participants of any age admitted to the intensive care or critical care unit for any reason (including, but not… Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1200 participants | Very low |
Automated monitoring systems vs standard care Time to initiation of fluid resuscitation (Time to initiation starts at the time of admission) · participants of any age admitted to the intensive care or critical care unit for any reason (including, but not… Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Automated monitoring systems vs standard care 30‐day mortality* · participants of any age admitted to the intensive care or critical care unit for any reason (including, but not… Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Automated monitoring systems vs standard care Length of stay in ICU (in days) · participants of any age admitted to the intensive care or critical care unit for any reason (including, but not… Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 442 participants | Very low |
Automated monitoring systems vs standard care Failed detection of sepsis (as reported by studies) · participants of any age admitted to the intensive care or critical care unit for any reason (including, but not… Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 560 participants | Very low |
Automated monitoring systems vs standard care Quality of life measured at the latest available time point post‐discharge from ICU (preferred measure SF‐36 then EQ‐5D) · participants of any age admitted to the intensive care or critical care unit for any reason (including, but not… Automated monitoring compared to standard care for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs no agent Quantity and quality of sleep as measured through reports of participants or family members or by personnel assessments Data collected at end of study · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs another agent specifically administered to promote sleep Quantity and quality of sleep as measured by PSG, actigraphy, BIS or EEG Data collected at end of study · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs another agent specifically administered to promote sleep Anxiety or depression, or both, as measured using validated tools Data collected at end of study · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs another agent specifically administered to promote sleep Adverse events (such as cardiovascular events, respiratory events or illness resulting from immune deficiency) · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs no agent Quantity and quality of sleep as measured by PSG, actigraphy, BIS or EEG Data collected at end of study · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Very low |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs no agent Anxiety or depression, or both, as measured using validated tools Data collected at end of study · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs no agent Adverse events (such as cardiovascular events, respiratory events or illness resulting from immune deficiency) · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs propofol at a different rate or dose Quantity and quality of sleep as measured through reports of participants or family members or by personnel assessments Data collected at end of study · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs propofol at a different rate or dose Quantity and quality of sleep as measured by PSG, actigraphy, BIS or EEG Data collected at end of study · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs propofol at a different rate or dose Anxiety or depression, or both, as measured using validated tools Data collected at end of study · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs propofol at a different rate or dose Adverse events (such as cardiovascular events, respiratory events or illness resulting from immune deficiency) · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propofol for the promotion of sleep in the intensive care unit vs another agent specifically administered to promote sleep Quantity and quality of sleep as measured through reports of participants or family members or by personnel assessments Data collected at end of study · critically ill adults in the intensive care unit Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 106 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quantity and quality of sleep as measured through reports of participants or of family members or by personnel assessments Data collected at end of · adult patients in the ICU Melatonin for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 139 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quantity and quality of sleep as measured by PSG, actigraphy, BIS, or EEG Data collected at end of · adult patients in the ICU Melatonin for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 37 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anxiety or depression, or both Data collected at end of · adult patients in the ICU Melatonin for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 82 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality Study authors did not report final timepoint for data collection. · adult patients in the ICU Melatonin for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 94 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Length of stay in the ICU · adult patients in the ICU Melatonin for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 82 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events (such as nausea, dizziness and headache) Data collected at end of · adult patients in the ICU Melatonin for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 107 participants | Very low |
Sumatriptan vs placebo Risk of acute mountain sickness · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.21, 0.84] | 1 study · 102 participants | Low |
Spironolactone vs placebo Risk of high altitude pulmonary oedema · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 193 participants | Low |
Spironolactone vs placebo Risk of High altitudecerebral oedema · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 193 participants | Low |
Spironolactone vs placebo Risk of adverse events ‐ not reported · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acetazolamide vs spironolactone Risk of acute mountain sickness · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.18, 0.7] | 1 study · 232 participants | Low |
Acetazolamide vs spironolactone Risk of high altitude pulmonary oedema · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 232 participants | Low |
Acetazolamide vs spironolactone Risk of high altitude cerebral oedema · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 232 participants | Low |
Acetazolamide vs spironolactone Risk of adverse events ‐ not reported · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sumatriptan vs placebo Risk of high altitude pulmonary oedema ‐ not reported · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sumatriptan vs placebo Risk of high altitude cerebral oedema ‐ not reported · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sumatriptan vs placebo Risk of adverse events ‐ not reported · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium citrate vs placebo Risk of acute mountain sickness · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.55, 2.13] | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Magnesium citrate vs placebo Risk of high altitude pulmonary oedema‐ not reported · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium citrate vs placebo Risk of high altitude cerebral oedema‐ not reported · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium citrate vs placebo Risk of adverse events: Loose stools · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.25 [1.17, 8.99] | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Spironolactone vs placebo Risk of acute mountain sickness · participants at risk of high altitude illness Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly‐used drugs (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 205 participants | Very low |
Simple aspiration vs intercostal tube drainage Immediate success rate · adults with primary spontaneous pneumothorax Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.69, 0.89] | 6 studies · 435 participants | Moderate |
Simple aspiration vs intercostal tube drainage One‐year success rate · adults with primary spontaneous pneumothorax Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.96, 1.18] | 4 studies · 318 participants | Moderate |
Simple aspiration vs intercostal tube drainage Hospitalization rate · adults with primary spontaneous pneumothorax Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.25, 1.47] | 3 studies · 245 participants | Very low |
Simple aspiration vs intercostal tube drainage Duration of hospital stay · adults with primary spontaneous pneumothorax Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 387 participants | Moderate |
Simple aspiration vs intercostal tube drainage Adverse events · adults with primary spontaneous pneumothorax Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 245 participants | Low |
Simple aspiration vs intercostal tube drainage Cost‐effectiveness Not reported · adults with primary spontaneous pneumothorax Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Simple aspiration vs intercostal tube drainage Patient satisfaction · adults with primary spontaneous pneumothorax Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) vs heated humidifiers (HH) Artificial airway occlusion (measured over 3‐15 days (median 4 days)) · ventilated adults (18 trials) and children (1 trial) Heat and moisture exchangers versus heated humidifiers for mechanically ventilated adults and children (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.59 [0.6, 4.19] | 15 studies · 2171 participants | Low |
Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) vs heated humidifiers (HH) Mortality ‐ all cause (Measured over 3‐15 days (median 8 days)) · ventilated adults (18 trials) and children (1 trial) Heat and moisture exchangers versus heated humidifiers for mechanically ventilated adults and children (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.89, 1.2] | 12 studies · 1951 participants | Low |