Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,411 questions · 1,474 findings · 170 reviews

No studies found 336 · 22.8%GRADE not reported 97 · 6.6%Very low 419 · 28.4%Low 395 · 26.8%Moderate 188 · 12.8%High 39 · 2.6%

Heliox vs placebo or no treatment

Proportion of children re‐presenting for medical care for ongoing croup symptoms (return to care) · children with croup

Heliox showed no clear difference in proportion of children re‐presenting for medical care for ongoing… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heliox vs oxygen 30%

Proportion of children re‐presenting for medical care for ongoing croup symptoms (return to care) · children with croup

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

Dropout due to lack of efficacy of trial medication or deterioration in overall medical condition · people with dementia

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor showed no clear difference in dropout due to lack of efficacy of trial medication or deterioration… compared with continued cholinesterase inhibitor (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tonsillectomy vs tonsillotomy

Postoperative complications requiring medical intervention (with or without hospitalisation) · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing

Tonsillectomy probably leads to higher postoperative complications requiring medical intervention (with or… compared with tonsillotomy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Advance care planning vs usual care

Completion of documentation by medical staff regarding discussions with participants about ACP processes (yes/no) · people with heart failure with or without their surrogate decision‐makers/carers

Advance care planning may leads to higher completion of documentation by medical staff regarding discussions… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Minor adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Minor adverse events provided as the proportion of patients reporting any untoward medical occurrence after an epidural injection without hospitalisations. · lumbosacral radicular pain

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes minor adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Minor… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Major adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Major adverse events provided as the proportion of patients reporting any untoward medical occurrence after an epidural injection with hospitalizations. · lumbosacral radicular pain
1 finding from 1 review

Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention (parents of children aged under five years)

Service utilisation – attendance for necessary healthcare (attendance for vaccinations at 6–12 months, attendance at HIV medical appointments) · parents of children aged < 5 years

Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices may leads to higher service utilisation – attendance for necessary healthcare… compared with standard care or no intervention (parents of children aged under… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication

Health service utilization ‐ attendance for: breast cancer screening, cervical screening, voluntary medical male circumcision, HPV or HBV vaccination · Adults (age over 24 years)

Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices showed no clear difference in health service utilization ‐ attendance for: breast cancer… compared with non‐digital, targeted communication (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral methotrexate and oral prednisone vs prednisone or placebo

Primary outcome: Global improvement of disease activity or damage assessed by a medical practitioner or by participants · children and adolescents with active morphea (linear scleroderma, generalised morphea and mixed subtype: linear and circumscribed).

Oral methotrexate and oral prednisone may leads to higher primary outcome: Global improvement of disease activity or damage… compared with placebo and oral prednisone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NB‐UVB vs low‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (20 J/cm²)

Primary outcome: Global improvement of disease activity or damage assessed by a medical practitioner or by participants · children and adults with active morphea (circumscribed morphea, linear scleroderma (with trunk/limb variant and head variant), generalised…
1 finding from 1 review

NB‐UVB vs medium‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (50 J/cm²)

Primary outcome: Global improvement of disease activity or damage assessed by a medical practitioner or by participants · children and adults with active morphea (circumscribed morphea, linear scleroderma (with trunk/limb variant and head variant), generalised…
1 finding from 1 review

Erythromycin vs placebo

The proportion of participants with good or excellent rash improvement within 2 weeks, as rated by a medical practitioner · pityriasis rosea

Erythromycin showed no clear difference in the proportion of participants with good or excellent rash… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or vitamins

The proportion of participants with good or excellent rash improvement within 2 weeks, as rated by a medical practitioner · pityriasis rosea

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in the proportion of participants with good or excellent rash… compared with placebo or vitamins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acyclovir vs placebo, vitamins, or no treatment

The proportion of participants with good or excellent rash improvement within 2 weeks, as rated by a medical practitioner · pityriasis rosea

Acyclovir probably leads to higher the proportion of participants with good or excellent rash… compared with placebo, vitamins, or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review