Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

449 questions · 459 findings · 247 reviews

No studies found 75 · 16.3%GRADE not reported 13 · 2.8%Very low 119 · 25.9%Low 139 · 30.3%Moderate 86 · 18.7%High 27 · 5.9%

Modafinil vs placebo

Adverse effect/event(s) ‐ serious adverse events · schizophrenia or related disorders

It is very uncertain whether modafinil changes adverse effect/event(s) ‐ serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events Duration 3 days to 3 weeks · acute asthma exacerbation

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Duration 3 days to 3 weeks compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor vs placebo

Participants with 1 or more serious adverse events · patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome

It is very uncertain whether brain‐derived neurotrophic factor changes participants with 1 or more serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Eculizumab vs placebo

Participants with 1 or more serious adverse events · adults with severe Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS disability score > 2), within 2 weeks form onset

Eculizumab showed no clear difference in participants with 1 or more serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interferon beta‐1a vs placebo

Participants with 1 or more serious adverse events · patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome

It is very uncertain whether interferon beta‐1a changes participants with 1 or more serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens

Proportion of infants with serious adverse events ( · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus

It is very uncertain whether tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens changes proportion of infants with serious adverse events ( compared with placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens

Proportion of mothers with serious adverse events ( · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus

It is very uncertain whether tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens changes proportion of mothers with serious adverse events ( compared with placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Diacerein vs placebo

Total number of serious adverse events not measured · patients with osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Belimumab 10 mg/kg vs placebo

Participants with one or more serious adverse events · people with active systemic lupus erythematosus (but not active nephritis or active central nervous system involvement)

Belimumab 10 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with one or more serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo

Serious adverse events (excluding death) at 24 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments

Donepezil 10 mg showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (excluding death) at 24 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Donepezil 5 mg vs placebo

Serious adverse events (excluding death) at 24 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments

Donepezil 5 mg showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (excluding death) at 24 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin showed no clear difference in serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Galantamine vs placebo

Serious adverse events (excluding deaths) at 26 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments

Galantamine showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (excluding deaths) at 26 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review