It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care changes serious adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether increased changes serious adverse events 48 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether increased changes non‐serious adverse events 43 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (moderate certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (moderate certainty).
LABA + ICS showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with LTRA + ICS (moderate certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events 49 weeks (low certainty).
Stopping LABA showed no clear difference in serious adverse events 17 weeks compared with continuing use of LABA+ICS (moderate certainty).
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) add‐on showed no clear difference in serious adverse events 22 weeks compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) add‐on (low certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (moderate certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (high certainty).
LAMA add‐on showed no clear difference in all‐cause serious adverse events 24 weeks compared with ICS alone (low certainty).
Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (high certainty).
Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (moderate certainty).
Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether regular formoterol and ICS changes asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (very low certainty).
The intervention probably leads to higher serious adverse events Duration of trials: 12 to 20 weeks (moderate certainty).
Intermittent 'as needed' ICS showed no clear difference in patients with serious adverse health events (duration 12 to 52 weeks) compared with daily ICS (low certainty).
The intervention leads to higher non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital… (high certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital… (moderate certainty).