Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

182 questions · 183 findings · 59 reviews

No studies found 71 · 38.8%GRADE not reported 11 · 6%Very low 57 · 31.1%Low 24 · 13.1%Moderate 15 · 8.2%High 5 · 2.7%

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Adverse effects (weeks 0 to 26): serious infection requiring hospitalisation · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in adverse events (weeks 0 to 26): serious infection requiring… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo compared

Serious adverse events (dichotomous data) ‐ suspected or probable pneumonia · critically ill patients

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (dichotomous data) ‐ suspected or probable… compared with placebo compared (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral propranolol vs placebo

Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ Serious adverse events 24 weeks' · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin

Oral propranolol showed no clear difference in adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ Serious adverse… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemical peeling vs placebo or no treatment

Serious or severe adverse events N of participants with positive severe adverse events · people with acne scars

It is very uncertain whether chemical peeling changes serious or severe adverse events N of participants with positive… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events a. Serious adverse events b. Discontinuation of trial because of adverse events · obese children and adolescents

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events a. Serious adverse events b. Discontinuation of trial… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative care vs usual care

Adverse effects: at least one serious adverse event · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

Palliative care showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Assessed by: number of participants… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Serious adverse events (number) ‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin versus pegylated interferon‐alpha · people with acute hepatitis C infection

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes serious adverse events (proportion) ‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha… compared with no intervention or control intervention (control) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitor vs IV cyclophosphamide

Adverse events: treatment failure (non response, serious infection, persistently elevated creatinine) at 6 months · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Calcineurin inhibitor probably leads to lower adverse events: treatment failure at 6 months (non response, serious… compared with IV cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review