What do systematic reviews say?

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long‐acting beta₂‐agonist alone for… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 3378 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium probably leads to higher quality of life SGRQ responder analysis at 6 months compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long‐acting beta₂‐agonist alone for… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.53 [1.31, 1.79]
  2 studies · 2923 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long‐acting beta₂‐agonist alone for… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 6709 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium probably leads to higher quality of life SGRQ responder analysis at 6 months compared with tiotropium alone (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long‐acting beta₂‐agonist alone for… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.32 [1.19, 1.46]
  3 studies · 5978 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in quality of life1 St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); lower… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  17 studies · 11397 participants
  Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in quality of life as measured by SGRQ total score change from baseline… compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 14437 participants
  Moderate

Tiotropium vs long‐acting beta‐agonists

• Tiotropium versus long‐acting beta‐agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 4935 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

• Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 89 participants
  Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

• Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 240 participants
  Low

Intervention vs active comparison

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention vs active comparison

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Individual level interventions vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Individual‐level interventions to reduce personal exposure to outdoor air pollution and their effects on people with… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

• Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 779 participants
  Very low

Intervention vs usual care

• Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Low

Intervention vs usual care

• Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long‐acting beta₂‐agonists and inhaled corticosteroids… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 907 participants
  High

LAMA add‐on vs ICS alone

• Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus the same dose of ICS alone for… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1713 participants
  High

Indacaterol vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Indacaterol showed no clear difference in number of participants with a clinically significant improvement in… compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).

• Indacaterol, a once‐daily beta₂‐agonist, versus twice‐daily beta₂‐agonists or placebo for chronic obstructive… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.07 [0.87, 1.32]
  2 studies · 1520 participants
  Moderate

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

• Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 4 participants
  Low

Stopping LABA vs continuing use of LABA+ICS

• Stopping long‐acting beta₂‐agonists (LABA) for adults with asthma well controlled by LABA and inhaled corticosteroids 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 359 participants
  Moderate