What do systematic reviews say?

Integrated disease management interventions vs usual care

• Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  18 studies · 4321 participants
  Moderate

Titrated oxygen therapy vs high‐flow oxygen therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oxygen therapy in the pre‐hospital setting for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings for combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing vs conventional treatment (separate testing)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing for acute exacerbations in chronic infection of Pseudomonas… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Strength training vs no training

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Aerobic exercise vs no training

• Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Aerobic exercise and strength training vs no training

• Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Beta‐carotene vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin C vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multivitamin vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin E vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up
  Data on quality of life were not reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Psychological therapies vs no intervention

• Psychological therapies for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 348 participants
  Very low

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

• Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 4 participants
  Low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1582 participants
  High

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

• Inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 2507 participants
  Moderate

Digital intervention with or without routine supported self‐management vs control

• Digital interventions for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 123 participants
  Low

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium probably leads to higher quality of life SGRQ responder analysis at 6 months compared with tiotropium alone (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long‐acting beta₂‐agonist alone for… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.32 [1.19, 1.46]
  3 studies · 5978 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium probably leads to higher quality of life SGRQ responder analysis at 6 months compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long‐acting beta₂‐agonist alone for… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.53 [1.31, 1.79]
  2 studies · 2923 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics showed no clear difference in quality of life: number of participants achieving MCID compared with IV antibiotics only (low certainty).

• Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.2 [0.61, 2.34]
  1 study · 16 participants
  Low

Psychological therapies vs education

• Psychological therapies for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 460 participants
  Very low