What do systematic reviews say?

Prostacyclin vs control

• Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 271 participants
  Moderate

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

• Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 779 participants
  Very low

Tai Chi and breathing exercise vs breathing exercises

• Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 120 participants
  Very low

Tai Chi and exercise vs exercise

• Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 192 participants
  Low

Tai Chi vs usual care

• Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 233 participants
  Very low
• Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Low

Oral antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single vs combination IV antibiotics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Nebulised antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tiotropium vs ipratropium

• Tiotropium versus ipratropium bromide for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 535 participants
  Moderate

Non‐platinum therapies vs platinum combination

• Chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 5 participants
  GRADE not reported

Non‐platinum single‐agent vs non‐platinum combination treatment

• Chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2 participants
  GRADE not reported

Tiotropium vs long‐acting beta‐agonists

• Tiotropium versus long‐acting beta‐agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 4935 participants
  GRADE not reported

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 148 participants
  Very low

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long‐acting beta₂‐agonist alone for… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 6709 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long‐acting beta₂‐agonist alone for… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 3378 participants
  Moderate

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

• Digital interventions for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 241 participants
  Very low

Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the treatment of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) vs conventional anticoagulation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the treatment of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Inspiratory muscle training vs control or sham

• Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 182 participants
  Very low
• Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 86 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Adhesiolysis vs no surgery or diagnostic laparoscopy

• Surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 43 participants
  Low
• Surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 43 participants
  Low