What do systematic reviews say?

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes quality of life (parent‐rated) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.4
  4 studies · 608 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings 2. Octenidine‐dihydrochloride (OCT) hydrogel dressings vs OCT‐free placebo hydrogel dressings

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hydrogel dressings for donor sites of split‐thickness skin grafts 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs placebo + standard care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

28 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 28 days on/off placebo regimen

• Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate
• Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 14 days on/off placebo regimen

• Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  High
• Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Ginkgo biloba vs placebo

• Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

RGD peptide matrix vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Isoxsuprine vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calf stretching vs placebo stretching

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

• Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Ginseng vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Ginseng for erectile dysfunction 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Nifedipine vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nifedipine for primary dysmenorrhoea 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antiseptics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antibiotics vs no treatment/placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

• Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate