What do systematic reviews say?

Ultra‐radical (extensive) surgery vs surgery

It is very uncertain whether ultra‐radical (extensive) surgery changes progression‐free survival compared with standard surgery (very low certainty).

• Ultra‐radical (extensive) surgery versus standard surgery for the primary cytoreduction of advanced epithelial ovarian… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.62 [0.42, 0.92]
  1 study · 203 participants
  Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (low certainty).

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.22, 1.38]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Low

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival ( compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) (moderate certainty).

• Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery versus surgery followed by chemotherapy for initial treatment in advanced… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.98 [0.88, 1.08]
  4 studies · 1847 participants
  Moderate

iMRI image‐guided surgery vs surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

5‐ALA image‐guided surgery vs surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Neuronavigation image‐guided surgery vs surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interferon + chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Interferon + chemotherapy may leads to higher progression‐free survival compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Interferon after surgery for women with advanced (Stage II‐IV) epithelial ovarian cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.43 [1.02, 2]
  2 studies · 244 participants
  Low

Interferon vs observation

Interferon showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival compared with observation alone (low certainty).

• Interferon after surgery for women with advanced (Stage II‐IV) epithelial ovarian cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.79, 1.24]
  2 studies · 370 participants
  Low

Concomitant (concurrent) chemoradiotherapy vs radical surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Type II or type III radical hysterectomy compared to chemoradiotherapy as a primary intervention for stage IB2… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Large‐volume residual disease (LVRD) > 1 cm vs NMRD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Impact of residual disease as a prognostic factor for survival in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) vs no HRT

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival compared with no HRT (low certainty).

• Hormone replacement therapy after surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.76 [0.57, 1.01]
  2 studies · 275 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Adjuvant (post‐surgery) chemotherapy for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1170 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Adjuvant (post‐surgery) chemotherapy for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  925 participants
  High

Large‐volume residual disease (LVRD) > 1 cm vs small‐volume residual disease (SVRD) < 1 cm

It is very uncertain whether large‐volume residual disease (LVRD) > 1 cm changes progression‐free survival: Median length of compared with small‐volume residual disease (SVRD) < 1 cm (very low certainty).

• Impact of residual disease as a prognostic factor for survival in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.76 [1.23, 2.52]
  4 studies · 1145 participants
  Very low

Residual disease (RD) > 0 cm vs NMRD

It is very uncertain whether residual disease (RD) > 0 cm changes progression‐free survival: Median length of compared with NMRD (very low certainty).

• Impact of residual disease as a prognostic factor for survival in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.36 [1.05, 1.76]
  1 study · 471 participants
  Very low

Small‐volume residual disease (SVRD) (< 1 cm) vs NMRD

Small‐volume residual disease (SVRD) < 1 cm probably leads to higher progression‐free survival: Median length of compared with NMRD (moderate certainty).

• Impact of residual disease as a prognostic factor for survival in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.88 [1.63, 2.16]
  10 studies · 6596 participants
  Moderate

Large‐volume residual disease (LVRD) > 1 cm vs NMRD

Large‐volume residual disease (LVRD) > 1 cm probably leads to higher progression‐free survival: Median length of compared with no macroscopic residual disease (NMRD) (moderate certainty).

• Impact of residual disease as a prognostic factor for survival in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 2.1 [1.84, 2.4]
  6 studies · 2629 participants
  Moderate

Large‐volume residual disease (LVRD) > 1 cm vs small‐volume residual disease (SVRD) < 1 cm

Large‐volume residual disease (LVRD) > 1 cm probably leads to higher progression‐free survival: Median length of compared with small‐volume residual disease (SVRD) < 1 cm (moderate certainty).

• Impact of residual disease as a prognostic factor for survival in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.3 [1.08, 1.56]
  2 studies · 3402 participants
  Moderate

Small‐volume residual disease (SVRD) (< 1 cm) vs NMRD

• Impact of residual disease as a prognostic factor for survival in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 322 participants
  Very low