What do systematic reviews say?

Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination

• Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 26 participants
  Very low
• Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.77 [1, 7.69]
  2 studies · 131 participants
  Very low

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) vs single IUI

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy ratea compared with single IUI (low certainty).

• Double versus single intrauterine insemination (IUI) in stimulated cycles for subfertile couples 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.04 [0.91, 4.56]
  5 studies · 2203 participants
  Low

Timing of intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: urinary luteinising hormone test vs temperature curve and cervical mucus score

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Timing of insemination for intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: luteinising hormone (LH) + 1 day vs LH + 2 days

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

300 mg vaginal progesterone vs vaginal progesterone

It is very uncertain whether 300 mg vaginal progesterone changes multiple pregnancy rate compared with 600 mg vaginal progesterone (very low certainty).

• Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.43]
  1 study · 200 participants
  Very low

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs vaginal progesterone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral progesterone vs vaginal progesterone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Subcutaneous (Sc) gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist vs placebo/no treatment

It is very uncertain whether subcutaneous (Sc) gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist changes multiple pregnancy rate compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

• Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.28 [0.11, 0.7]
  2 studies · 126 participants
  Very low

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection changes multiple pregnancy rate compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.22, 4.92]
  1 study · 130 participants
  Very low

Gonadotropins with GnRH agonists vs gonadotropins alone

It is very uncertain whether gonadotropins with GnRH agonists changes multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with gonadotropins alone (very low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.53 [0.82, 7.86]
  2 studies · 264 participants
  Very low

Gonadotropins with GnRH antagonist vs gonadotropins alone

Gonadotropins with GnRH antagonist showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with gonadotropins alone (moderate certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.3 [0.74, 2.28]
  10 studies · 2095 participants
  Moderate

Gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens

Gonadotropins showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with anti‐oestrogens (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.58 [0.6, 4.17]
  7 studies · 2139 participants
  Low

Gonadotrophins with anti‐oestrogens vs gonadotropins alone

Gonadotrophins with anti‐oestrogens showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with gonadotropins alone (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.03 [0.12, 75.06]
  1 study · 230 participants
  Low

Aromatase inhibitors vs gonadotropins alone

It is very uncertain whether aromatase inhibitors changes multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with gonadotropins (very low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.69 [0.06, 8.17]
  3 studies · 731 participants
  Very low

Aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens with gonadotropins

Aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with anti‐oestrogens with gonadotropins (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.31 [0.39, 4.37]
  4 studies · 901 participants
  Low

Aromatase inhibitors vs anti‐oestrogens

Aromatase inhibitors showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with anti‐oestrogens (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.28 [0.61, 2.68]
  4 studies · 1000 participants
  Low

Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation

It is very uncertain whether gradient technique changes multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with wash and centrifugation (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.83]
  1 study · 31 participants
  Very low

Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 25 participants
  Very low

Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation

It is very uncertain whether swim‐up technique changes multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with wash and centrifugation (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.49 [0.02, 13.28]
  1 study · 26 participants
  Very low

hCG vs GnRH agonist

It is very uncertain whether hCG changes multiple pregnancy rate per pregnancy compared with gnRH‐a (very low certainty).

• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.15 [0.02, 1.38]
  4 studies · 74 participants
  Very low