Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

17 questions · 21 findings · 10 reviews · Gut

No studies found 3 · 14.3%GRADE not reported 1 · 4.8%Very low 8 · 38.1%Low 6 · 28.6%Moderate 2 · 9.5%High 1 · 4.8%

Intervention not reported

Postoperative mortality (within 30 days from surgery) · patients with resectable disease

The intervention leads to higher postoperative mortality (within 30 days from surgery) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): radiotherapy versus surgery All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

It is very uncertain whether non‐surgical changes long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): radiotherapy versus… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): chemoradiotherapy versus surgery All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

Non‐surgical showed no clear difference in long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): chemoradiotherapy… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (binary outcome) All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

Non‐surgical showed no clear difference in long‐term mortality (binary): definitive chemoradiotherapy versus… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drain use vs No drain

All‐cause mortality · people undergoing elective pancreatic resections

Drain use showed no clear difference in mortality compared with no drain use following pancreatic surgery (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

All‐cause mortality · people undergoing elective pancreatic resections

It is very uncertain whether early changes mortality compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Active drain vs passive drain

All‐cause mortality · people undergoing elective pancreatic resections

It is very uncertain whether active drain changes mortality compared with passive drain following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Perioperative mortality · people with pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes perioperative mortality (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection vs pancreaticoduodenectomy

Long‐term mortality · people requiring surgery for chronic pancreatitis

It is very uncertain whether duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection changes long‐term mortality compared with pancreaticoduodenectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection vs pancreaticoduodenectomy

Short‐term mortality · people requiring surgery for chronic pancreatitis

It is very uncertain whether duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection changes short‐term mortality compared with pancreaticoduodenectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review