Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

12 questions · 12 findings · 8 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement

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No studies found 4 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 2 · 16.7%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 16.7%Moderate 2 · 16.7%High 2 · 16.7%

Multi‐domain interventions vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality · Older people living in the community

Multi‐domain interventions showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care/placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐domain interventions for the prevention of dementia and cognitive decline 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.04]
4 studies · 11487 participants
High

Other NSAIDs vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · cognitively healthy people in late life

Other NSAIDs showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37 [0.78, 2.43]
1 study · 2528 participants
Moderate

Celecoxib vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · older people with age‐related memory loss

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aspirin vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · cognitively healthy people in late life

Aspirin leads to higher mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [1.01, 1.28]
1 study · 19114 participants
High

Antipsychotics vs nonantipsychotics or placebo

All‐cause mortality · delirious patients

Antipsychotics showed no clear difference in mortality compared with nonantipsychotics or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [0.73, 2.27]
3 studies · 319 participants
Moderate

Vitamin E vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
GRADE not reported

Rivastigmine vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · people with delirium

Cholinesterase inhibitors (rivastigmine) showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of delirium in non‐ICU settings 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.1 [0.01, 1.56]
1 study · 15 participants
Low

Pharmacological agents vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · Participants with chronic cognitive impairment in traumatic brain injury

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacotherapy for chronic cognitive impairment in traumatic brain injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 274 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Mortality ‐ not reported · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

B vitamins vs placebo

Mortality ‐ not reported · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs placebo

Mortality from all causes · end‐of‐life patients with advanced cancer and an episode of agitated delirium

Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) showed no clear difference in mortality from all causes compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive care unit 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.02]
1 study · 58 participants
Low

Prophylactic cholinesterase inhibitor vs placebo

Inpatient mortality ‐ not measured

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found