Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

188 questions · 194 findings · 102 reviews

No studies found 26 · 13.4%GRADE not reported 14 · 7.2%Very low 35 · 18%Low 56 · 28.9%Moderate 52 · 26.8%High 11 · 5.7%

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs control

All‐cause mortality ‐ short‐term · health problem or population

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment changes all‐cause mortality ‐ short‐term compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Low vs moderate‐high nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels

Mortality before hospital discharge · health problem or population

It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ Low changes mortality, by hospital discharge compared with moderate‐high nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Cardiovascular mortality · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Cardiovascular disease mortality: RR 0.55 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.85), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs control

Cardiovascular mortality · health problem or population

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality ‐ long‐term compared with control; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Oral cancer mortality (disease-specific) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers showed no clear difference in oral cancer mortality (disease-specific) compared with no screening (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs standard treatment following a severe exacerbation

All‐cause mortality · post‐exacerbation COPD

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard treatment following a severe exacerbation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Stroke mortality (events per 100,000 person‐years) · Adults (general population)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention changes stroke mortality (events per 100,000 person‐years) compared with regular salt (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment 2

All‐cause mortality ‐ short term (end of treatment) · health problem or population

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment 1 changes all‐cause mortality ‐ short term (end of treatment) compared with pharmacological treatment 2 (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal morbidity, neonatal morbidity or mortality · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The intervention probably leads to lower maternal morbidity, neonatal morbidity or mortality (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active drug (etanercept or belimumab) with standard therapy vs placebo + standard care

MortalityNumber of participants: 285(2 RCTs) WGET 2005 · adults (age 18 years and older) with GPA ANCA‐associated vasculitis or microscopic polyangiitis (only a subset of patients in one study,…

Active drug (etanercept or belimumab) with standard therapy showed no clear difference in mortalityNumber of participants: 285(2 RCTs) WGET 2005 compared with standard therapy with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Cardiovascular mortality · Adults (general population)

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (events per 100,000 person‐years) compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to lower cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D₃(cholecalciferol) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

Postoperative mortality · adult participants given general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether PEEP changes postoperative mortality compared with zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review