Cochrane · systematic review · CD015207
Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women
Brand, A, Visser, ME, Schoonees, A, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2022 · Cochrane Library
Public HealthAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
20
current version
GRADE rated
15
No studies
5
Included studies
NR
No studies 5 · 25%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 7 · 35%Low 1 · 5%Moderate 7 · 35%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention compared to regular salt in adults (≥ 18 years) in the general population
Population: adults (≥ 18 years) in the general population
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Change in DBP (mmHg) Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 20830 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Change in SBP (mmHg) Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | 20 studies · 21414 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Hypertension Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.03] | 1 study · 2566 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Blood pressure control Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | RR 2.12 [1.32, 3.41] | 2 studies · 253 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Cardiovascular events: various Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | RR 1.22 [0.49, 3.04] | 5 studies · 982 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Cardiovascular events: non‐fatal stroke Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01] | 3 studies · 21250 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |
Cardiovascular events: non‐fatal acute coronary syndrome (events per 100,000 person‐years) Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | Rate ratio 0.7 [0.52, 0.94] | 1 study · 20995 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |
Cardiovascular mortality (events per 100,000 person‐years) Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | Rate ratio 0.77 [0.6, 1] | 3 studies · 23200 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |
Stroke mortality (events per 100,000 person‐years) Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | Rate ratio 0.64 [0.33, 1.25] | 2 studies · 21423 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
Change in blood potassium (mmol/L) Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 784 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Hyperkalaemia Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | RR 1.04 [0.46, 2.38] | 5 studies · 22849 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Hypokalaemia Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Adverse events: other Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2109 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention compared to regular salt in children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population
Population: children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Change in DBP (mmHg) Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 92 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Change in SBP (mmHg) Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 92 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Hypertension ‐ not measured Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Blood pressure control ‐ not measured Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Change in blood potassium (mmol/L) ‐ not measured Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hyperkalaemia ‐ not measured Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypokalaemia ‐ not measured Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |