Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

61 questions · 70 findings · 27 reviews

No studies found 7 · 10%GRADE not reported 1 · 1.4%Very low 13 · 18.6%Low 26 · 37.1%Moderate 19 · 27.1%High 4 · 5.7%

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

Intravenous tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IVIg vs no IVIG

Disease‐specific mortality ‐ SJS and TEN (time to · Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and SJS/TEN overlap syndrome

It is very uncertain whether intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) changes SJS/TEN‐specific mortality (time to compared with no IVIG (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid

Mortality after discharge (1‐3 months) · exacerbations of COPD

Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid showed no clear difference in mortality after discharge (1‐3 months) compared with oral corticosteroid (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention

Overall survival with intravenous platinum (i.e. mortality/number of participants deceased) · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy

Sodium thiosulfate showed no clear difference in overall survival with intravenous platinum (i.e. mortality/number of… compared with no otoprotective intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buffered vs non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid

Mortality (in‐hospital death and 30‐day mortality) · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery

Buffered showed no clear difference in mortality (in‐hospital death and 30‐day mortality) compared with non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

All‐cause mortality rate at 30 days · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality rate at 30 days compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs unfractionated heparin

VTE‐related mortality4 · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in VTE‐related mortality at 3 months compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclosporin vs intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Disease‐specific mortality ‐ not reported · Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and SJS/TEN overlap syndrome

It is very uncertain whether cyclosporin changes disease‐specific mortality (time to compared with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

Mortality within the longest · adults receiving intravenous fluids while undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes all‐cause mortality (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs unfractionated heparin

All‐cause mortality (5 days to 12 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (5 days to 12 months) compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review