What do systematic reviews say?

Chest physiotherapy vs no chest physiotherapy

Chest physiotherapy showed no clear difference in duration of hospital stay (days) ( compared with no chest physiotherapy (low certainty).

• Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.1
  4 studies · 415 participants
  Low

High‐dose vs standard‐dose strategies

• Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  Very low

High‐dose vs standard‐dose strategies

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 3 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Salbutamol vs placebo/no treatment

• Salbutamol for transient tachypnea of the newborn 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 338 participants
  Low

Short feeding interval vs long feeding interval

• Short versus long feeding interval for bolus feedings in very preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 207 participants
  Very low

Protein supplementation vs control

• Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs no treatment or placebo

• Postnatal corticosteroids for transient tachypnoea of the newborn 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 49 participants
  Very low

Antibiotics vs no antibiotics

• Antibiotics for neonates born through meconium‐stained amniotic fluid 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 146 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics (short duration) vs antibiotics (long duration) postpartum

• Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 292 participants
  Moderate

Breastfeeding (post cleft-lip surgery) vs Spoon-feeding

• Feeding interventions for growth and development in infants with cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes

  post-surgery
  Duration of hospital stay (days): no statistically significant difference between the two groups (Darzi 1996); no pooled estimate displayed (totals not selected).
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Educational intervention vs usual care

• Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 621 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo

• Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 300 participants
  High

Antibiotics vs placebo

• Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 94 participants
  Moderate

Cough augmentation therapy vs an alternative cough augmentation technique or combination of techniques

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cough augmentation techniques for people with chronic neuromuscular disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Cough augmentation therapy vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cough augmentation techniques for people with chronic neuromuscular disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Planned early birth vs expectant management

• Planned early delivery versus expectant management for hypertensive disorders from 34 weeks gestation to term 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 756 participants
  Moderate

Planned early birth vs expectant management

• Planned early delivery versus expectant management for hypertensive disorders from 34 weeks gestation to term 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 925 participants
  Moderate

Caffeine vs other methylxanthines

• Caffeine versus other methylxanthines for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low