Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

215 questions · 226 findings · 83 reviews

No studies found 50 · 22.1%GRADE not reported 26 · 11.5%Very low 74 · 32.7%Low 50 · 22.1%Moderate 25 · 11.1%High 1 · 0.4%

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Treatment‐related adverse events Depression PHQ‐8 (Kroenke 2009) · children, adolescents or adults with CF

Summary of findings: psychological interventions showed no clear difference in treatment‐related adverse events Depression PHQ‐8 (Kroenke 2009) compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end treatment… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions vs treatment

Incidence of depression ‐ short term: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether psychological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ short term: < 6 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions vs treatment

Incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether psychological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Depression (long term) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to lower depression (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Incidence of depression ‐ short‐term: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ short‐term: < 6 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Incidence of depression ‐ medium term: 6‐12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ medium‐term: 6‐12 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care

Depression symptoms ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) GHQ‐12a; PHQ‐9d,e,f; self‐reporting questionnaireh (higher score = higher severity) · adults with post‐traumatic stress and CMDs
1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs enhanced usual care

Depression symptoms ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) GHQ‐12a; PHQ‐9d,e,f; self‐reporting questionnaireh (higher score = higher severity) · women with perinatal depression
1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care

Severity of CMD symptoms (including anxiety and depression) ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Measured by PHQ‐9a,d,f; SRQ‐20b (higher score, higher severity) · adults with common mental disorders
1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs enhanced usual care

Depression recovery ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) · women with perinatal depression

Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions may leads to higher recovery from depression ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post… compared with enhanced usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Depression symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Hopkins Symptom Checklist ‐ depression (higher score = higher severity) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes depression symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Hopkins… compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review