Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

222 questions · 224 findings · 82 reviews

No studies found 49 · 21.9%GRADE not reported 16 · 7.1%Very low 57 · 25.4%Low 57 · 25.4%Moderate 36 · 16.1%High 9 · 4%

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Adverse events ‐ death in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk of death) · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes adverse events ‐ death in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Specialised early intervention (SEI) vs treatment

Death: all‐cause mortality (assessed by proportion deceased at end of treatment) · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

Specialised early intervention (SEI) showed no clear difference in death: all‐cause mortality (assessed by proportion deceased at end… compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Total mortalityDeaths · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in total mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (Analysis 1.14) · people with stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment Analysis 1.12 compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Cardiac mortalityDeaths · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation may leads to lower cardiac mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs None (placebo or no treatment)

Mortality rate and cause of death · People of any age and either sex, in any setting, with BRONJ; bisphosphonate exposure past or current; includes people with cancer and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams vs standard SEI teams plus treatment

Adverse effects/events: death ‐ all‐cause mortality(assessed by patient records) · recent‐onset psychosis

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams showed no clear difference in adverse effects/events: death ‐ all‐cause mortality(assessed by… compared with standard SEI teams plus treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12) vs placebo or usual care

Death by any cause · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in death by any cause compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perinatal death review and audit as part of an intervention package including an educational outreach visit and morbidity/mortality conferences vs no intervention

Proportion of perinatal deaths related to suboptimal carec (at months 12–26) · births

It is very uncertain whether perinatal death review and audit as part of an intervention package… changes proportion of perinatal deaths related to suboptimal carec (at… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Adverse events ‐ death in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk of death) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… changes adverse events ‐ deaths (RR < 1 denotes lower risk) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

tDCS vs active control

Dropouts, adverse events and deaths during intervention phase Numbers of dropouts, adverse events and deaths from all causes · people with stroke

tDCS showed no clear difference in secondary outcome measure: dropouts, adverse events and deaths… compared with any type of active control intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

tDCS vs placebo or control

Dropouts, adverse events and deaths during intervention phase Numbers of dropouts, adverse events and deaths from all causes · people with stroke

tDCS showed no clear difference in secondary outcome measure: dropouts, adverse events and deaths… compared with any type of placebo or passive control intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs specialist‐led care

Adverse events ‐ death from suicide during intervention (RR > 1 denotes greater risk)Â · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐ changes adverse events ‐ death from suicide during intervention (RR > 1… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Discussions of EoL/EoL care: discussion timing and length EMR review post‐death Timing: at time of family conference (intervention) in ICU; post‐death  · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers
1 finding from 1 review

Electromechanical‐ and robotic‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs usual care or physiotherapy

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · patients with walking after stroke

Electromechanical‐ and robot‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy probably leads to lower death from all causes until end of intervention phase (secondary… compared with physiotherapy (or usual care) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review