Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

9 questions · 9 findings · 7 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 11.1%Low 3 · 33.3%Moderate 2 · 22.2%High 3 · 33.3%

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Caesarean section · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Planned early birth leads to higher caesarean section compared with expectant management (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.26 [1.11, 1.44]
12 studies · 3620 participants
High

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Caesarean section · women with prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks' gestation or later)

Planned early birth showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.69, 1.04]
23 studies · 8576 participants
Low

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Caesarean section · pregnant women with hypertensive disorders from 34 weeks' gestation to term

Planned early delivery showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early delivery versus expectant management for hypertensive disorders from 34 weeks gestation to term 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.78, 1.07]
4 studies · 1728 participants
Moderate

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Caesarean section · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby

Planned early delivery showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early delivery versus expectant management of the term suspected compromised baby for improving outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.65, 1.59]
3 studies · 546 participants
Low

Early initiation of epidural analgesia vs Late initiation

Caesarean section · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)

Early initiation of epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with late initiation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
9 studies · 15499 participants
High

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Caesarean section · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.96, 1.28]
1 study · 578 participants
Low

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

Rate of caesarean section · healthy pregnant women

One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in rate of caesarean section compared with usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.02]
1 study · 4996 participants
High

Assessment vs direct admission

Rate of caesarean section · healthy pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether assessment changes rate of caesarean section compared with direct admission (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.3, 1.72]
1 study · 209 participants
Very low

Home support vs telephone triage

Rate of caesarean section · healthy pregnant women

Home support showed no clear difference in rate of caesarean section compared with telephone triage (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.95, 1.17]
3 studies · 5170 participants
Moderate