Caesarean section · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy
Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in labour
Epidural showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with opioids (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position leads to higher caesarean section compared with recumbent position (sensitivity analyses ‐ studies at low risk of… (high certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether massage changes caesarean section compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caesarean section · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether music changes caesarean section compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether relaxation changes caesarean section compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
It is very uncertain whether planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) changes caesarean section compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women at or near term with fetal cephalic presentations
X‐ray pelvimetry may leads to higher caesarean section compared with no X‐ray pelvimetry (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · induction of labour.
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with sweeping of fetal membranes (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.
Acupressure showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with sham control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.
Acupressure showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with sham control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)
Planned early birth leads to higher caesarean section compared with expectant management (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women with prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks' gestation or later)
Planned early birth showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with expectant management (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · Pregnant women undergoing fetal assessment during labour
Continuous CTG may leads to higher caesarean section compared with intermittent auscultation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women
Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women at low or high risk of gestational diabetes
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women requiring induction of labour
Intracervical PGE₂ showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review