What do systematic reviews say?

Chlorhexidine gel (0.2%, intrasocket) vs placebo or no treatment

• Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: median 7 days
  No adverse events were reported. Six trials (673 participants) reported no adverse events from the use of chlorhexidine gel; one study (Rubio-Palau 2015) reported gastrointestinal discomfort (30, 18%), dizziness (10,…
  7 studies
  GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine gel (0.2%, intrasocket) vs Chlorhexidine mouthrinse

• Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: median 7 days
  No adverse events were reported in these two trials (Abu-Mostafa 2015; Hita-Iglesias 2008).
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Only 1 study reported adverse events as an outcome (Litt 2010): it found worsening symptoms in 13 people treated with an oral splint (as part of standard treatment) and 4 people treated with CBT.
  1 study · 101 participants
  Very low

Hypnosis vs relaxation

• Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Abrahamsen 2011: one participant who received hypnosis was admitted to a psychiatric hospital during the intervention; per study authors this was unrelated to the study treatment.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Relaxation vs Occlusal (oral) appliance

• Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Adolescents (12-19 years)
  Wahlund 2015: reported no adverse treatment effects from treatment with an occlusal appliance or with relaxation therapy.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine rinse (0.12% and 0.2%, pre- and post-extraction) vs placebo or no treatment

• Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: median 7 days
  3 trials reported no adverse events. 1 study reported adverse events (alterations in taste, bad taste, staining) in 24/62 in chlorhexidine group versus 0/40 in placebo group, Peto OR = 8.42 (95% CI 3.31 to 21.39). A…
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

CBT vs alternative treatment

• Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF: 3 studies reported minor adverse events in the control group; 1 study reported minor adverse events in psychological therapy group; 1 study reported that there were no adverse events. Results: NCT00066937 minor…
  5 studies
  Very low

Autologous platelet‐rich plasma vs placebo or no treatment

• Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: median 7 days
  No adverse events were reported in these two trials.
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Any surgical or non-surgical technique or material used for the treatment of post-extraction bleeding vs Placebo, no treatment, or another active antifungal intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating post‐extraction bleeding 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data are available as no RCTs have been conducted on interventions to treat post-extraction bleeding
  0 studies
  No studies found

Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Intravenous analgesia

• Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  2 out of 3 studies reported this outcome. Both studies reported no difference between groups (Rajamani 2007 and Simion 2008: no adverse events attributable to either technique; Delgado 2005 did not report).
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs None (placebo or no treatment)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

• Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  2 out of 3 studies reported this outcome. One study reported no differences between groups, and the other study reported more vomiting in the placebo group (Takmaz 2009: vomiting 40% placebo versus 10% intervention; P…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Infiltration of the incision (peri-incisional infiltration)

• Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Of the 2 included studies, one study reported no difference between groups (Gaonkar 2004: no adverse events attributable to either technique), and the other study did not report this outcome.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF row 'Adverse events': This outcome was not reported in the included studies.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Combined paracetamol plus ibuprofen in a single tablet (e.g. paracetamol 1000 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg or 500/200 mg) vs Single drugs given separately (paracetamol 1000 mg or ibuprofen 400 mg)

• Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Study period (immediate postoperative)
  The majority of adverse events were minor in nature and usually included nausea, vomiting, headaches and dizziness. Side effect profiles have not been included in a meta-analysis as multiple adverse events were…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Ibuprofen (single postoperative oral dose; 200 mg to 512 mg) vs paracetamol

• Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Study period (immediate postoperative)
  The majority of adverse events were minor in nature and usually included nausea, vomiting, headaches and dizziness. Side effect profiles have not been included in a meta-analysis as multiple adverse events were…
  7 studies
  GRADE not reported

Calcitonin (salmon calcitonin nasal spray 200 IU/day) vs placebo

• Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events were not described separately for each group. Trialists reported that adverse events were in most patients minimal and consisted of nausea, flushes and some dizziness. One patient had diarrhoea which…
  1 study · 14 participants
  GRADE not reported

Primary surgical intervention (curettage, peripheral osteotomy, or resection) vs Primary non-surgical intervention (intralesional corticosteroids, subcutaneous calcitonin, interferon alpha, or imatinib)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Occlusal adjustment (OA) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes
  There were no reports of adverse reactions.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Oral propranolol vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week per period (cross-over)
  Tchivileva et al 2010: at least one treatment-emergent adverse event was reported by five participants (12.5%) during the propranolol period (nausea, diarrhoea, insomnia, dizziness, fatigue) and four participants (10%)…
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported