Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,004 questions · 1,019 findings · 269 reviews

No studies found 333 · 32.7%GRADE not reported 106 · 10.4%Very low 313 · 30.7%Low 189 · 18.5%Moderate 66 · 6.5%High 12 · 1.2%

Calcineurin inhibitor vs IV cyclophosphamide

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Calcineurin inhibitor probably leads to lower adverse events: medications ceased due to adverse events compared with IV cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal instability or bony…

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) showed no clear difference in adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea compared with short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Induced hypertension vs placebo or no intervention

Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage

It is very uncertain whether induced hypertension changes proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (Skin irritation) · patients with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (Skin irritation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis, no spinal instability or bony impingement of cord)

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) showed no clear difference in adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea, and nausea compared with short‐course radiotherapy (2 fractions, 16 Gy) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review