Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,199 questions · 1,226 findings · 451 reviews

No studies found 289 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 121 · 9.9%Very low 350 · 28.5%Low 279 · 22.8%Moderate 139 · 11.3%High 48 · 3.9%

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis, no spinal instability or bony impingement of cord)

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) showed no clear difference in adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea, and nausea compared with short‐course radiotherapy (2 fractions, 16 Gy) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Mortality or serious adverse events requiring hospital admission · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

rHuEPO with iron vs control treatment with or without iron

Adverse events (number of participants with any adverse event) · adult participants, irrespective of gender and type of non‐cardiac surgery, with mild or severe preoperative anaemia

rHuEPO with iron showed no clear difference in adverse events (number of participants with any adverse event) compared with control treatment with or without iron (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen in combination with progestogen (sequential or continuous) vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · women with PMS

It is very uncertain whether oestrogen in combination with progestogen (sequential or continuous) changes withdrawal due to adverse events over 2 to 4 menstrual cycles1 compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Other methods (pooled: ART/glass ionomer cement, nano-silver fluoride, sodium fluoride varnish, placebo)

Adverse effects (tooth staining and other side effects) · Children and adults with active dental caries (aged 1-50; mostly preschool/school children with primary dentition)

SDF commonly causes black staining of arrested lesions; only mild, transient adverse events were reported, with no major adverse events (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Doxycycline vs quinolones

Adverse events (Analysis 1.7) Participant's report · men and non‐pregnant women with symptomatic (uterine cervicitis and urethritis), or asymptomatic genital CT infection, diagnosed by cell…

It is very uncertain whether doxycycline changes adverse events Men and women Assessed by participants' self‐report compared with quinolones (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious local adverse events (all included trials) ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐serious local adverse events (all included trials) ICH‐GCP 1997 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mma Bana: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs AZT/3TC/ABC

Women With Any Severe Adverse Events Requiring Treatment Modification · HIV‐Infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts >200 cells/mm3

It is very uncertain whether mma Bana: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r changes women With Any Severe Adverse Events Requiring Treatment Modification compared with AZT/3TC/ABC (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Major adverse events · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes major adverse events (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Minor adverse events · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in minor adverse events (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy

Serious adverse events as a result of sickle cell‐related complications · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent a stroke

It is very uncertain whether long‐term red cell transfusion changes serious adverse events as a result of sickle cell‐related… compared with hydroxyurea and phlebotomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review