Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,514 questions · 1,543 findings · 649 reviews

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No studies found 224 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 105 · 6.8%Very low 383 · 24.8%Low 447 · 29%Moderate 293 · 19%High 91 · 5.9%

Probiotics vs placebo

Serious adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 198 participants
GRADE not reported

Synbiotic vs placebo

Serious adverse events · adult kidney transplant recipients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

Serious adverse events · adult patients after liver transplantation.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care changes serious adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.09, 2.76]
1 study · 1586 participants
Very low

JAK inhibitors plus standard of care vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

1 finding from 1 review

Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2901 participants
Moderate

FINLAY‐FR‐2 – Instituto Finlay de Vacunas vs placebo

Serious adverse events

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Booster vs placebo/no booster

Serious adverse events

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High‐dose colchicine vs placebo

Serious adverse events · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 111 participants
GRADE not reported

Low‐dose colchicine vs placebo

Serious adverse events · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 133 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral hydroxychloroquine vs placebo

Adverse events: severe · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral hydroxychloroquine showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.9 [0.19, 78.46]
1 study · 71 participants
Moderate

Oral dehydroepiandrosterone vs placebo

Adverse events: severe · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral dehydroepiandrosterone showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.66]
1 study · 381 participants
Moderate

Oral chloroquine vs placebo

Adverse events: severe · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral chloroquine showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.45]
1 study · 24 participants
Low

Oral methotrexate vs placebo

Adverse events: severe · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral methotrexate showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 12.05 [0.69, 211.36]
1 study · 86 participants
Moderate

Phentermine/topiramate vs placebo

Serious adverse events · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension

Phentermine/topiramate showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.49, 1.48]
1 study · 1305 participants
Low

Naltrexone/bupropion vs placebo

Serious adverse events · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension

Naltrexone/bupropion showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.96, 1.14]
1 study · 8283 participants
Moderate

Orlistat vs placebo

Serious adverse events · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension

Orlistat probably leads to higher serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.45 [1.1, 1.91]
3 studies · 1476 participants
Moderate

Any dose of lacosamide vs placebo

Serious adverse events · adults and children with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Any dose of lacosamide probably leads to higher serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lacosamide add‐on therapy for focal epilepsy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.53
5 studies · 2199 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events · people with chronic liver diseases

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Cediranib plus chemotherapy vs placebo plus chemotherapy

Serious adverse events · women with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer

Cediranib plus chemotherapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo plus chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting therapy for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.75, 1.78]
1 study · 67 participants
Low

Anti‐IL‐5 mAb (mepolizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Serious adverse events · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

It is very uncertain whether anti‐IL‐5 mAb (mepolizumab) changes serious adverse events compared with placebo (on top of topical steroids) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.57 [0.07, 35.46]
2 studies · 135 participants
Very low