Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

60 questions · 61 findings · 29 reviews

No studies found 7 · 11.5%GRADE not reported 10 · 16.4%Very low 22 · 36.1%Low 11 · 18%Moderate 10 · 16.4%High 1 · 1.6%

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with current best practice (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐platinum single‐agent vs non‐platinum combination treatment

Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia · non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population

Non‐platinum single‐agent may leads to higher grade 3 and 4 hematological adverse events (AE) ‐ neutropenia compared with non‐platinum combination treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy probably leads to higher discontinuation due to adverse events compared with current best practice (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐platinum single‐agent vs non‐platinum combination treatment

Safety (AE, adverse drug reaction): thrombocytopenia Grades 3 or 4 according to National Cancer Institute · non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population

It is very uncertain whether non‐platinum single‐agent changes grade 3 and 4 hematological adverse events (AE) ‐ thrombocytopenia compared with non‐platinum combination treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal instability or bony…

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) showed no clear difference in adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea compared with short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

Patients with one or more adverse events · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… showed no clear difference in patients with one or more adverse events compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Muscle relaxant vs control

Total Number of Adverse Events ‐ single dose studies · patients with pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

It is very uncertain whether muscle relaxant changes total Number of Adverse Events ‐ single dose studies compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

Adverse events · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

Adverse events (severe) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (severe) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

Adverse events (moderate) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (moderate) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Adverse events (moderate) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (moderate) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group)

Adverse events · People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any single tooth…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
    To 6 months
    Baysan 2003 stated that no adverse events were reported to 6 months; no information was provided by Abu-Naba'a 2003 or Abu-Naba'a 2003pilot.
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Combination chemotherapy vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Toxicity ‐ early adverse events G3/4 · people with resectable stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery

Combination chemotherapy probably leads to higher toxicity ‐ early adverse events G3/4 compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Not applicable (single-arm safety outcome)

Serious adverse events · Children and older adults treated with SDF for carious lesions

No serious adverse events (e.g., allergic reactions or toxicity) were reported for SDF across the reviews (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review